量

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量 U+91CF, 量
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CF
← 野
[U+91CE]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 釐 →
[U+91D0]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

量 (radical 166 里+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日一田土 (AMWG), four-corner 60104, composition ⿱旦里)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1292, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1794, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3683, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+91CF

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 量
alt. forms 𣊹
𨤥
𨤦
Wikipedia has an article on:
• 量

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 量
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
量-oracle.svg 量-bronze.svg 量-silk.svg 量-bigseal.svg 量-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
糧 *raŋ
量 *raŋ, *raŋs

Inconclusive. In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, the most common form was 日 (“sun”) + 東 (“bag; east”). Here are a few proposed interpretations as an ideogrammic compound (會意):

  • 日 was sometimes replaced with 田, so Qiu Xigui thinks that it may be the original character of 糧 (OC *raŋ, “grain field”).
  • Yu Xingwu interprets it as measuring something under the sun.
  • Guo Moruo interprets it as the sun rising in the east – original character of 亮 (OC *raŋs).

Shuowen interprets this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raŋ, *raŋs): phonetic 曏 (OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) + 重 (“weight; heavy”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
  • liông/liâng - literary.
Rime
Character 量
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 呂章切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /liɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /liɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /liaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /lĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 liáng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 量
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 liáng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ljang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]aŋ/
English measure (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 量
Reading # 1/2
No. 8064
Phonetic
component		 量
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*raŋ/
Notes 甲金文下從東，上日甲文作囗，象估量下種範圍，非曏聲

Definitions[edit]

量

  1. to measure
  2. to estimate; to evaluate

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 量

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • niū/niō͘ - vernacular;
  • liōng/liāng - literary.
Rime
Character 量
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力讓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /liɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /liɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /liaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /lĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 liàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 量
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 liàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ljangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]aŋ-s/
English measure (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 量
Reading # 2/2
No. 8065
Phonetic
component		 量
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 亮
Old
Chinese		 /*raŋs/

Definitions[edit]

量

  1. (historical) measuring vessel, such as the dou or hu
  2. measure; measurement; quantity
  3. capacity; volume
  4. (Hinduism) pramana
  5. (Min Nan) large steelyard
  6. to estimate; to approximate

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 量

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

量

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
量
りょう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 量 (ljangH, “measure”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

量 (hiragana りょう, rōmaji ryō, historical hiragana りやう)

  1. volume, amount
    交 (こう)通 (つう)量 (りょう)
    kōtsū-ryō
    amount of traffic
  2. (Hinduism) pramana

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
量
はか
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Cognate with 計り (hakari).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

量 (hiragana はか, rōmaji haka)

  1. progress

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

量 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune-Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

量 (lường, lượng, nhân)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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