欣

See also: 忻

欣 U+6B23, 欣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B23 ← 欢 [U+6B22] CJK Unified Ideographs 欤 → [U+6B24]

Translingual

Han character

欣 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹中弓人 (HLNO), four-corner 7728₂, composition ⿰斤欠)

Derived characters

• 俽 掀 惞 焮 鍁 (锨) 𢜛 𦲽

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 566, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16008
• Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2135, character 12
• Unihan data for U+6B23

Chinese

simp. and trad.		欣
alternative forms		訢／䜣 忻 惞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘄	*ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈	*ɡɯl
頎	*ɡɯl
旂	*ɡɯl
圻	*ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚	*ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
岓	*ɡɯl
玂	*ɡɯl
沂	*ŋɡɯl
掀	*qʰan
釿	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
齗	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
听	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
垽	*ŋrɯns, *qɯns
斤	*kɯn, *kɯns
菦	*kɯnʔ
靳	*kɯns
劤	*kɯns
勁	*kɯns, *keŋs
赾	*kʰɯnʔ
芹	*ɡɯn
近	*ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
斦	*ŋɡɯn
欣	*qʰɯn
忻	*qʰɯn
昕	*qʰɯn
訢	*qʰɯn
炘	*qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
邤	*qʰɯn
庍	*qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
焮	*qʰɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯn): phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) + semantic 欠.

Etymology 1

Probably from the same word family as 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xīn (xin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ

  (Chengdu, SP): xin¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hin¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): xin¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hîm / hiûn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hiun¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): xing¹
• Min Bei (KCR): hēng
• Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̆ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hin / him / herm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): heng¹ / hng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ¹shin
• Xiang (Wiktionary): xin¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sin
    • Wade–Giles: hsin¹
    • Yale: syīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
    • Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xin¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan¹
    • Yale: yān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hin³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hîm / hiûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: him´ / hiun´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: him¹ / hiun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /him²⁴/, /hi̯un²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /çiun⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xeiŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hin
    • Tâi-lô: hin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hyn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hin⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: him
    • Tâi-lô: him
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hym
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /him³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /him⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: herm
    • Tâi-lô: herm
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /həm³³/

Note:

• hin - literary;
• him/herm - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: heng¹ / hng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳng / hng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɯŋ³³/, /hŋ³³/

Note:

• heng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
• hng1 - Chaozhou.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wugniu: ¹shin
  • Wiktionary Romanisation: ¹xin
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: xin¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin³³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 欣
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕin⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕin²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/siə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕin²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕin³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕin³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕin³³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiun⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/huŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/him⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xeiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hɯŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin²³/ /huaŋ²³/ 訓歡

---

• Middle Chinese: xj+n

Rime
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許斤切
Baxter	xj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/xiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨn/
Li Rong	/xiən/
Wang Li	/xĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰər/
English	rejoice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
No.	6665
Phonetic component	斤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	欣
Old Chinese	/*qʰɯn/

Definitions

欣

1. happy; joyous; delighted

   • 問征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。乃瞻衡宇，栽欣載奔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     问征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。乃瞻衡宇，栽欣载奔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 《歸去來辭 / 归去来辞》, 陶淵明 / 陶渊明, translated by James Robert Hightower

     Wèn zhēngfū yǐqián lù, hèn chénguāng zhī xīwēi. Nǎi zhān héngyǔ, zāi xīn zǎi bēn. [Pinyin]

     I ask a passerby about the road ahead, grudging the dimness of the light at dawn. Then I catch sight of my cottage—filled with joy I run.

2. ^† to submit willingly; to submit happily

   • 昔者之伐也，興百姓以為百姓也，是以民能欣之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     昔者之伐也，兴百姓以为百姓也，是以民能欣之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Xīzhě zhī fá yě, xìng bǎixìng yǐwèi bǎixìng yě, shìyǐ mín néng xīn zhī. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. Used in 欣欣 (xīnxīn, “lush”).
4. a surname

Compounds

• 欣企
• 欣喜 (xīnxǐ)
• 欣喜若狂 (xīnxǐruòkuáng)
• 欣喜雀躍／欣喜雀跃 (xīnxǐ quèyuè)
• 欣忭 (xīnbiàn)
• 欣悅／欣悦 (xīnyuè)
• 欣慰 (xīnwèi)
• 欣戚
• 欣戴
• 欣抃
• 欣欣 (xīnxīn)
• 欣欣向榮／欣欣向荣 (xīnxīnxiàngróng)
• 欣欣得意
• 欣欣自得
• 欣然 (xīnrán)
• 欣然命筆／欣然命笔
• 欣然自喜
• 欣然自得
• 欣然自樂／欣然自乐
• 欣生惡死／欣生恶死
• 欣羨／欣羡 (xīnxiàn)
• 欣賞／欣赏 (xīnshǎng)
• 欣賞力／欣赏力
• 欣躍／欣跃
• 歡欣／欢欣 (huānxīn)
• 歡欣若狂／欢欣若狂
• 歡欣踴躍／欢欣踊跃
• 歡欣鼓舞／欢欣鼓舞 (huānxīngǔwǔ)
• 鼓舞歡欣／鼓舞欢欣

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 欣 – see 鑫 (“abundant in wealth; prosperous”). (This character, 欣, is the second-round simplified form of 鑫.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

欣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin)
• Kan’yō-on: ごん (gon)
• Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 欣ぶ); よろこび (yorokobi, 欣び); よし (yoshi); やすし (yasushi)

Korean

Hanja

欣 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

欣: Hán Nôm readings: hân, hơn, hoen, hớn, hăng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999