興
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See also: 兴
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]興 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹難月金 (HXBC), four-corner 77801, composition ⿳⿴𦥑同一八)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1005, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30226
- Dae Jaweon: page 1461, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 253, character 9
- Unihan data for U+8208
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 興 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 兴 | |
alternative forms | 㒷 𢍯 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 興 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 舁 (“to raise”) + 同 (“together”) – to hold up together.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): héng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sing
- Wade–Giles: hsing1
- Yale: syīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
- Palladius: син (sin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hing1
- Yale: hīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing1
- Guangdong Romanization: hing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hîn
- Hakka Romanization System: hinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hin1
- Sinological IPA: /hin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: héng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xeiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 興 (興旺) |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ɕĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕin³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ɕin²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɕin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɕaŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ɕin¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴²/ ~國縣 |
Hakka | Meixian | /hin⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /hin²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /heŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /hiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ⁵⁵/ /hin⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xeiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /heŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /heŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: xing
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)əŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯŋ/
Definitions
[edit]興
- to rise; to get up
- to thrive; to prosper; to flourish
- prosperous; flourishing
- to be popular; to be fashionable
- to start; to build; to establish
- to elect; to promote
- to succeed; to achieve success
- to send; to dispatch; to launch; to mount
- to collect; to recruit
- to do; to perform
- to advocate; to encourage
- to indulge; to spoil
- (dialectal, chiefly in the negative) to allow; to permit
- maybe; perhaps
- (Teochew) lucky; fortunate
- a surname
Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一言興邦/一言兴邦 (yīyánxīngbāng)
- 不作興/不作兴
- 不興/不兴 (bùxīng)
- 並興/并兴 (bìngxīng)
- 中興/中兴 (zhōngxīng)
- 事修而謗興,德高而毀來/事修而谤兴,德高而毁来
- 人扶人興/人扶人兴
- 代興/代兴
- 仰屋興嘆/仰屋兴叹
- 作興/作兴
- 偃武興文/偃武兴文
- 僨興/偾兴
- 光武中興/光武中兴
- 內興安嶺/内兴安岭
- 創業興家/创业兴家
- 勃興/勃兴 (bóxīng)
- 博興/博兴 (Bóxīng)
- 吳興縣/吴兴县
- 嘉興/嘉兴 (Jiāxīng)
- 國家興亡,匹夫有責/国家兴亡,匹夫有责
- 夙興/夙兴
- 夙興夜寐/夙兴夜寐 (sùxīngyèmèi)
- 多難興邦/多难兴邦 (duōnànxīngbāng)
- 大興/大兴 (dàxīng)
- 大興土木/大兴土木 (dàxīngtǔmù)
- 大興安嶺/大兴安岭 (Dàxīng'ānlǐng)
- 天下興亡,匹夫有責/天下兴亡,匹夫有责 (tiānxià xīngwáng, pǐfū yǒuzé)
- 太平興國/太平兴国 (Tàipíng Xīngguó)
- 太興/太兴
- 妖由人興/妖由人兴
- 姚興/姚兴
- 宜興壺/宜兴壶
- 宜興瓷/宜兴瓷
- 宜興縣/宜兴县
- 家和萬事興/家和万事兴 (jiā hé wànshì xīng)
- 寶興/宝兴
- 小興安嶺/小兴安岭 (Xiǎoxīng'ānlǐng)
- 復興/复兴 (fùxīng)
- 復興基地/复兴基地
- 復興崗/复兴岗
- 成敗興廢/成败兴废
- 振興/振兴 (zhènxīng)
- 撥亂興治/拨乱兴治
- 文藝復興/文艺复兴 (Wényì Fùxīng)
- 新興/新兴
- 新興國/新兴国
- 方興日盛/方兴日盛
- 方興未艾/方兴未艾 (fāngxīngwèi'ài)
- 昧旦晨興/昧旦晨兴
- 時興/时兴 (shíxīng)
- 晨興夜寐/晨兴夜寐
- 有例不滅,無例不興/有例不灭,无例不兴
- 望洋興歎/望洋兴叹 (wàngyángxīngtàn)
- 未艾方興/未艾方兴
- 歐洲復興計畫/欧洲复兴计画
- 止戈興仁/止戈兴仁
- 民族復興運動/民族复兴运动
- 治亂興亡/治乱兴亡
- 白手興家/白手兴家 (báishǒuxīngjiā)
- 百廢俱興/百废俱兴 (bǎifèijùxīng)
- 盛衰興廢/盛衰兴废
- 睹物興悲/睹物兴悲
- 睹物興情/睹物兴情
- 禍亂交興/祸乱交兴
- 空興頭/空兴头
- 紹興/绍兴 (Shàoxīng)
- 紹興師爺/绍兴师爷
- 紹興縣/绍兴县
- 紹興酒/绍兴酒 (Shàoxīngjiǔ)
- 繼絕興亡/继绝兴亡
- 興中會/兴中会
- 興亡/兴亡 (xīngwáng)
- 興亡繼絕/兴亡继绝
- 興仁/兴仁 (Xīngrén)
- 興作/兴作
- 興修/兴修 (xīngxiū)
- 興兵/兴兵 (xīngbīng)
- 興兵動眾/兴兵动众
- 興凱湖/兴凯湖 (Xīngkǎi Hú)
- 興利/兴利
- 興利剔弊/兴利剔弊
- 興利除害/兴利除害
- 興利除弊/兴利除弊
- 興動/兴动
- 興化戲/兴化戏
- 興和/兴和
- 興嗟/兴嗟
- 興嘆/兴叹 (xīngtàn)
- 興國安邦/兴国安邦
- 興奮/兴奋 (xīngfèn)
- 興奮劑/兴奋剂 (xīngfènjì)
- 興妖作孽/兴妖作孽
- 興妖作怪/兴妖作怪
- 興學/兴学 (xīngxué)
- 興安嶺/兴安岭 (Xīng'ānlǐng)
- 興安省/兴安省
- 興家立業/兴家立业
- 興工/兴工 (xīnggōng)
- 興師/兴师 (xīngshī)
- 興席/兴席
- 興師動眾/兴师动众 (xīngshīdòngzhòng)
- 興師問罪/兴师问罪
- 興師見罪/兴师见罪
- 興平/兴平 (Xīngpíng)
- 興廢/兴废 (xīngfèi)
- 興廢存亡/兴废存亡
- 興廢繼絕/兴废继绝
- 興建/兴建 (xīngjiàn)
- 興微繼絕/兴微继绝
- 興心/兴心
- 興戎/兴戎
- 興文匽武/兴文匽武
- 興旺/兴旺 (xīngwàng)
- 興替/兴替 (xīngtì)
- 興滅繼絕/兴灭继绝
- 興滅舉廢/兴灭举废
- 興盛/兴盛 (xīngshèng)
- 興築/兴筑 (xīngzhù)
- 興華/兴华 (Xīnghuá)
- 興衰/兴衰 (xīngshuāi)
- 興許/兴许 (xīngxǔ)
- 興訟/兴讼
- 興詞/兴词
- 興販/兴贩
- 興起/兴起
- 興辦/兴办 (xīngbàn)
- 興邦/兴邦 (xīngbāng)
- 興邦立國/兴邦立国
- 興都庫什山/兴都库什山
- 興都斯坦/兴都斯坦 (Xīngdūsītǎn)
- 興隆/兴隆 (xīnglóng)
- 興雲作雨/兴云作雨
- 興雲作霧/兴云作雾
- 興雲吐霧/兴云吐雾
- 興雲布雨/兴云布雨
- 興雲致雨/兴云致雨
- 興革/兴革
- 興風/兴风
- 興風作浪/兴风作浪 (xīngfēngzuòlàng)
- 興騰/兴腾
- 茂興/茂兴
- 華興會/华兴会
- 賓興/宾兴
- 迭興/迭兴
- 除患興利/除患兴利
- 隆興/隆兴
- 雙興/双兴 (Shuāngxīng)
- 雲興霞蔚/云兴霞蔚
- 電視興奮症/电视兴奋症
- 風興雲蒸/风兴云蒸
- 駿業宏興/骏业宏兴
- 黃興/黄兴
- 龍興之地/龙兴之地 (lóngxīngzhīdì)
- 龍興鳳舉/龙兴凤举
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): héng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sìng
- Wade–Giles: hsing4
- Yale: syìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
- Palladius: син (sin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hing3
- Yale: hing
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing3
- Guangdong Romanization: hing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hin / him
- Hakka Romanization System: hin / him
- Hagfa Pinyim: hin4 / him4
- Sinological IPA: /hin⁵⁵/, /him⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
Note: him - 興味.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: héng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɛiŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 興 (高興) |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /ɕiə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕĩn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕin⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕin¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕin²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /ɕĩ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ɕin⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /ɕin⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɕin⁴⁴⁵⁴⁴⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɕaŋ⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³²⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ɕin⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hin⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ³³/ |
Nanning | /heŋ³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /hiŋ³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɛiŋ²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xeiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /heŋ²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /heŋ³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: xingH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯŋs/
Definitions
[edit]興
- excitement; interest; mood in doing something
- sensual desire; sexual desire; passion
- (obsolete or Min) to like; to be fond of; to love
- to liken; to analogise
- (rhetoric) metaphor
- (poetry) association; speaking first of something else to lead up to the main theme
- (Suzhounese) bustling; lively
Compounds
[edit]- 不高興/不高兴 (bùgāoxìng)
- 乘興/乘兴 (chéngxìng)
- 乘興而來/乘兴而来
- 儘興/尽兴 (jǐnxìng)
- 助興/助兴 (zhùxìng)
- 動興/动兴
- 即興/即兴 (jíxìng)
- 即興表演/即兴表演
- 寄興/寄兴
- 幫興/帮兴
- 意興/意兴 (yìxìng)
- 感興/感兴 (gǎnxìng)
- 意興索然/意兴索然
- 意興闌珊/意兴阑珊 (yìxìnglánshān)
- 掃興/扫兴
- 敗興/败兴 (bàixìng)
- 新興/新兴
- 春興/春兴
- 比興/比兴 (bǐxìng)
- 比顯興隱/比显兴隐
- 沒興/没兴
- 沒興頭/没兴头
- 盡興/尽兴 (jìnxìng)
- 索興/索兴
- 背興/背兴 (bèixìng)
- 興之所至/兴之所至 (xìngzhīsuǒzhì)
- 興匆匆/兴匆匆
- 興味/兴味 (xìngwèi)
- 興味盎然/兴味盎然
- 興味索然/兴味索然 (xìngwèisuǒrán)
- 興復不淺/兴复不浅
- 興會/兴会 (xìnghuì)
- 興會淋漓/兴会淋漓
- 興沖沖/兴冲冲 (xìngchōngchōng)
- 興盡/兴尽
- 興盡悲來/兴尽悲来
- 興盡意闌/兴尽意阑
- 興致/兴致 (xìngzhì)
- 興致勃勃/兴致勃勃 (xìngzhìbóbó)
- 興致勃發/兴致勃发
- 興致盎然/兴致盎然
- 興致索然/兴致索然
- 興興頭頭/兴兴头头
- 興起/兴起
- 興趣/兴趣 (xìngqù)
- 興頭/兴头 (xìngtóu)
- 興高采烈 (xìnggāocǎiliè)
- 觸興/触兴
- 託物寓興/托物寓兴
- 詩興/诗兴
- 談興/谈兴
- 豪興/豪兴 (háoxìng)
- 賦比興/赋比兴 (fùbǐxìng)
- 起興/起兴
- 逸興/逸兴
- 遊興/游兴 (yóuxìng)
- 遣興/遣兴
- 遣興陶情/遣兴陶情
- 酒興/酒兴 (jiǔxìng)
- 隨興/随兴 (suíxìng)
- 雅興/雅兴 (yǎxìng)
- 雜興/杂兴
- 餘興/余兴 (yúxìng)
- 餘興節目/余兴节目
- 高情逸興/高情逸兴
- 高興/高兴 (gāoxìng)
- 高高興興/高高兴兴 (gāogāoxìngxìng)
- 鼓興/鼓兴
References
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]興
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
- Kun: おこる (okoru, 興る, Jōyō); おこす (okosu, 興す, Jōyō); おきる (okiru)
Noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 興 (MC xing).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 흐ᇰ (Yale: hung) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 흥 (hung)訓 (Yale: hung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [xɯŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [흥]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 흥미 (興味, heungmi)
- 흥분 (興奮, heungbun)
- 진흥 (振興, jinheung)
- 부흥 (復興, buheung)
- 흥망 (興亡, heungmang)
- 흥행 (興行, heunghaeng)
- 신흥 (新興, sinheung)
- 흥왕 (興旺, heung'wang)
- 흥감 (興感, heunggam)
- 흥륭 (興隆, heungnyung)
- 흥성 (興盛, heungseong)
- 흥국 (興國, heungguk)
- 흥기 (興起, heunggi)
- 대흥 (大興, daeheung)
- 불흥 (不興, bulheung)
- 즉흥 (卽興, jeukheung)
- 흥업 (興業, heung'eop)
- 흥작 (興作, heungjak)
- 흥회 (興懷, heunghoe)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 興 (MC xingH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 흐ᇰ〮 (Yale: húng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [xɯ(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [흥(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]興: Hán Nôm readings: hưng, hăng, hên, hứng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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