肅

See also: 粛 and 肃

肅 U+8085, 肅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8085 ← 肄 [U+8084] CJK Unified Ideographs 肆 → [U+8086]

Translingual

Traditional	肅
Shinjitai	粛
Simplified	肃

Han character

肅 (Kangxi radical 129, 聿+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 中難 (LX), four-corner 5022₇, composition ⿻肀𣶒(GJKT) or ⿻𦘒𣶒(H))

Derived characters

• 嘯, 彇, 㩋, 潚, 㬘, 橚, 熽, 璛, 䐹, 䃤, 䊥, 繡, 蟰, 鏽, 驌, 鱐, 㔅, 㪩, 歗, 䎘, 鷫, 蕭, 簫

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 971, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29225
• Dae Jaweon: page 1423, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3169, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8085

Chinese

trad.		肅
simp.		肃
alternative forms		粛 𦘛 𦘡 䏋 𦘜 粛 𦘛 𦘡 䏋 𦘜 𦘝 𢙻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肅
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (肅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
簫	*sɯːw
蕭	*sɯːw
瀟	*sɯːw
潚	*sɯːw, *sɯwɢ
彇	*sɯːw
蟰	*sɯːw, *sɯwɢ
橚	*sɯːw, *sɯwɢ
嘯	*sɯːwɢs
歗	*sɯːwɢs
熽	*sɯːwɢs
繡	*sɯwɢs
鏽	*sɯwɢs
肅	*sɯwɢ
鷫	*sɯwɢ
驌	*sɯwɢ
鱐	*sɯwɢ
璛	*sɯwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 𦘒 (“hand holding brush”) + 𣶒 (“abyss”). Uncertain. One interpretation says it depicts a person sweeping or walking with a staff near an abyss, conveying solemnity or respectful handling of affairs.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sù (su⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): suk¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sok / suk / siuk

  (Hailu, HRS): sog / sug / siug

• Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆
• Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeh⁶ / syoeh⁶ / sieh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siok / sok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sog⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sù
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sù
    • Wade–Giles: su⁴
    • Yale: sù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
    • Palladius: су (su)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: suk¹
    • Yale: sūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sok / suk / siuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: sog^ˋ / sug^ˋ / xiug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sog⁵ / sug⁵ / xiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sok̚²/, /suk̚²/, /si̯uk̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sog / sug / siug
    • Sinological IPA: /sok⁵/, /suk⁵/, /siuk⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /søyʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬœʔ²¹/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /θœʔ²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: syoeh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyøʔ²/
  • (Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sieh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok
    • Tâi-lô: siok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siog
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok
    • Tâi-lô: sok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sog
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sok̚²/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 肅
Mandarin	Beijing	/su⁵¹/
	Harbin	/su⁵³/ /su⁴⁴/ 甘～
	Tianjin	/su⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/su⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/sy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/su¹³/ 嚴～ /ɕy¹³/ 甘～
	Lanzhou	/su¹³/
	Ürümqi	/su²¹³/
	Wuhan	/səu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/su³¹/
	Nanjing	/suʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/suəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/soʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/soʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/soʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕɤu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/suʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/səu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/səu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/səɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/siuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/siuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/suk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siɔk̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/souʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sy²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sok̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sok̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjuwk

Rime
Character	肅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息逐切
Baxter	sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/sĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	su
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*siwk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɯwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肅	肅	肅	肅	肅
Reading #	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sù	sù	sù	sù	sù
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/
English	solemn, severe	contract (v.); shrivel	present (v.)	beat (v.)	eager; swift
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肅
Reading #	1/1
No.	12125
Phonetic component	肅
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	肅
Old Chinese	/*sɯwɢ/

Definitions

肅

1. respectful
2. solemn

   肅靜／肃静  ―  sùjìng  ―  solemnly silent

3. to rectify; to tighten; to strengthen
4. to eliminate

   肅清／肃清  ―  sùqīng  ―  to eliminate; to purge

5. a surname

Compounds

• 名正肅 / 名正肃
• 嚴肅 / 严肃 (yánsù)
• 寒肅 / 寒肃
• 恭肅嚴整 / 恭肃严整
• 態度嚴肅 / 态度严肃
• 敬肅者 / 敬肃者
• 整肅 / 整肃 (zhěngsù)
• 檢肅 / 检肃
• 甘肅 / 甘肃 (Gānsù)
• 祗肅 / 祗肃
• 秋高氣肅 / 秋高气肃
• 端肅 / 端肃
• 肅函 / 肃函
• 肅北 / 肃北 (Sùběi)
• 肅北蒙古族自治縣 / 肃北蒙古族自治县
• 肅反 / 肃反 (sùfǎn)
• 肅呈 / 肃呈
• 肅坐 / 肃坐
• 肅客 / 肃客
• 肅州 / 肃州 (Sùzhōu)
• 肅恭 / 肃恭
• 肅慎 / 肃慎 (Sùshèn)
• 肅拜 / 肃拜
• 肅殺 / 肃杀 (sùshā)
• 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
• 肅然 / 肃然 (sùrán)
• 肅然起敬 / 肃然起敬 (sùránqǐjìng)
• 肅爽 / 肃爽 (sùshuāng)
• 肅穆 / 肃穆 (sùmù)
• 肅立 / 肃立 (sùlì)
• 肅肅 / 肃肃
• 肅貪 / 肃贪
• 肅雝 / 肃雍
• 肅靜 / 肃静 (sùjìng)
• 茲肅者 / 兹肃者
• 謹肅 / 谨肃
• 魯肅指囷 / 鲁肃指囷
• 齊肅 / 齐肃

Further reading

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03286
• “肅”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• “肅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “肅”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
• “Entry #14813”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
• “Entry #15069”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
• “Entry #16492”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “肃”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 283.

Japanese

Shinjitai	粛
Kyūjitai	肅

Kanji

肅

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 粛)

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Readings

• Go-on: すく (suku)
• Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
• Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 肅む)

Korean

Hanja

肅 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)

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Vietnamese

Han character

肅: Hán Nôm readings: túc

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