Jump to content

艾

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 𦫿
艾 U+827E, 艾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-827E
← 艽
[U+827D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 艿 →
[U+827F]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

艾 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+2, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 廿大 (TK) or 難廿大 (XTK), four-corner 44400, composition ⿱艹乂)

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional derived characters

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1017, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30648
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1475, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3172, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+827E

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 艾
simp. # 艾

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (乂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
艾 *ŋaːds, *ŋads
鴱 *ŋaːds, *ŋads
餀 *hŋaːds
刈 *ŋads
乂 *ŋads

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads).

Etymology 1

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • Meixian:
    • nê4 - vernacular;
    • ngai4 - literary.
Note:
  • ngié - vernacular;
  • ngái - literary.
Note:
  • hiāⁿ - vernacular;
  • gāi/ngāi - literary;
  • ài - limited.
Note:
  • hian7 - vernacular;
  • ngai6 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 艾
Mandarin Beijing /ai⁵¹/
Harbin /ai⁵³/
Tianjin /nai⁵³/
Jinan /ŋɛ²¹/
Qingdao /ɣɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ai³¹²/
Xi'an /ŋai⁴⁴/
Xining /nɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /ɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /ŋai²¹³/
Wuhan /ai³⁵/
Chengdu /ŋai¹³/
Guiyang /ŋai²¹³/
/ai²¹³/ 新
Kunming /æ²¹²/
Nanjing /ae⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ŋæ³⁵/
Hohhot /ŋɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ŋe²³/
Suzhou /ŋe̞¹³/
Hangzhou /ŋe̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋe²²/
Hui Shexian /ŋa²²/
Tunxi /ŋa¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋai⁵⁵/
/ŋai¹¹/
Xiangtan /ŋai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ŋai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ne⁵³/
Taoyuan /oi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋai²²/
Nanning /ŋai²²/
Hong Kong /ŋai²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gai²²/
/hiã²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋiɛ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋuɛ⁴⁴/
/ŋai⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hiã³¹/
/ŋãi³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ai³⁵/
/ŋia²³/
Rime
Character 艾
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 五蓋切
Baxter ngajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋajH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋɑiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 艾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ŋˁa[t]-s/
English Artemisia; moxa

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 艾
Reading # 1/2
No. 14953
Phonetic
component 		乂
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		艾
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaːds/

Definitions

[edit]

艾

  1. mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi), whose leaves are used to make moxa
  2. (obsolete) green
  3. (literary) pale; greyish white
  4. (literary) elderly person
  5. (literary) to end; to stop
    方興未艾／方兴未艾  ―  fāngxīnɡwèi'ài  ―  to be in the ascendant
  6. (literary) beautiful lady
  7. (obsolete) to nurture; to foster
  8. (historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi
  9. (historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong
  10. Used in transcription.
  11. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Indonesian: hia

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

艾

  1. used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng, “AIDS”)
  2. (Internet slang) short for 艾滋病 (Àizībìng, “AIDS”)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 艾
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 廢 (27)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚肺切
Baxter ngjojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨɐiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɐiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨajH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɐiH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭɐiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯ɐiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngai6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 艾
Reading # 2/2
No. 14958
Phonetic
component 		乂
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		刈
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋads/

Definitions

[edit]

艾

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 乂 (“to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 艾 艾
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 泰 (25) 廢 (27)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 五蓋切 魚肺切
Baxter ngajH ngjojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɑiH/ /ŋɨɐiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋɑiH/ /ŋiɐiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɑiH/ /ŋiɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋajH/ /ŋɨajH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɑiH/ /ŋiɐiH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋɑiH/ /ŋĭɐiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋɑiH/ /ŋi̯ɐiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ài yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngoi6 ngai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 艾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ŋˁa[t]-s/
English Artemisia; moxa

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 艾 艾
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 14953 14958
Phonetic
component 		乂 乂
Rime
group 		祭 祭
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		艾 刈
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaːds/ /*ŋads/

Definitions

[edit]

艾

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to punish
    alt. forms: 乂 (ài), 㣻

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
艾

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood

Readings

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH); compare Mandarin 艾 (ài):

  • Go-on: がい (gai)
  • Kan-on: がい (gai)

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH); compare Mandarin 艾 (yì):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
艾
よもぎ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
蓬
 ヨモギ on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

艾(よもぎ) • (yomogi) 

  1. mugwort, Artemisia princeps
    Synonyms: 艾 (mogusa), 餅草 (mochi-gusa), 灸草 (yaito-gusa), 延命草 (enmei-sō)
Derived terms
[edit]
See also
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
艾
もぐさ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
 もぐさ on Japanese Wikipedia

Possibly from 燃(も)ゆ (moyu, “to burn”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

艾(もぐさ) • (mogusa) 

  1. synonym of 艾 (yomogi, “mugwort”)
  2. moxibustion
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae))

  1. moxa, mugwort
Compounds
[edit]
See also
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Compounds
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
  • Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [4]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

艾: Hán Việt readings: ngải[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], nghệ[1][6][7][8], nghẹ[8]
艾: Nôm readings: nghệ[3][4][5][7][8][9], nghể[4][8][9], ngợi[1][2], ngải[7][8], ngáy[1], nghề[1], ngửi[1], nghếch[4], nghễ[5], nghẽ[9]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngải (“various plants of the genus Artemisia”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of ngáy (“to snore”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of nghề (“profession, occupation”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of ngợi (“used in nghĩ ngợi (“to ponder (over); to reflect (on); to consider carefully”)”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of ngửi (“to sniff; to smell”)

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Vũ (1998).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hồ (1976).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Bonet (1899).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Génibrel (1898).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=艾&oldid=91458604"