灸

灸 U+7078, 灸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7078 ← 灷 [U+7077] CJK Unified Ideographs 灹 → [U+7079]

Translingual

Han character

灸 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 弓人火 (NOF), four-corner 2780₉, composition ⿱久火)

Derived characters

• 𮏅

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 666, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18872
• Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2190, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7078

Chinese

trad.		灸
simp. #		灸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (久) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
畂	*ɡʷ·rɯs
久	*kʷlɯʔ
灸	*kʷlɯʔ, *kʷlɯs
玖	*kʷlɯʔ
疚	*kʷlɯs
柩	*ɡʷlɯs
羑	*ɡʷ·lɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷlɯʔ, *kʷlɯs): semantic 火 + phonetic 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǔ (jiu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiu

  (Hailu, HRS): giu^ˇ

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): jiu⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): géu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gu⁴ / giu⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kù / kiù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gu³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: chiu³
    • Yale: jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
    • Palladius: цзю (czju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gau³
    • Yale: gau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯u⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /kiu¹¹/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: jiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕiəɯ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: géu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛu²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gu⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gu̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁴²/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: giu⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giu̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁴²/

Note:

• gu4 - vernacular;
• giu4 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kù / kiù
    • Tâi-lô: kù / kiù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kux, kiux
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ku²¹/, /kiu²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/, /kiu⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ku²¹/, /kiu²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ku¹¹/, /kiu¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku²¹/, /kiu²¹/

Note:

• kù - vernacular;
• kiù - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gu³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kù
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjuwX, kjuwH

Rime
Character	灸	灸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉有切	居祐切
Baxter	kjuwX	kjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuX/	/kɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuX/	/kiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəuX/	/kiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwX/	/kuwH/
Li Rong	/kiuX/	/kiuH/
Wang Li	/kĭəuX/	/kĭəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯uX/	/ki̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ	jiù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2	gau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷlɯʔ/, /*kʷlɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷəʔ/
English	cauterize by burning tinder
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灸	灸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6970	6972
Phonetic component	久	久
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	久	救
Old Chinese	/*kʷlɯʔ/	/*kʷlɯs/

Definitions

灸

1. cauterize with moxa or mugwort
2. moxibustion

Compounds

• 灸刺
• 灸法
• 無病自灸 / 无病自灸
• 直接灸
• 砭灸
• 蠻針瞎灸 / 蛮针瞎灸 (mánzhēnxiājiǔ)
• 針灸 / 针灸
• 針灸銅人 / 针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
• 針灸麻醉 / 针灸麻醉
• 鍼灸 / 针灸
• 鍼灸銅人 / 针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
• 間接灸 / 间接灸

References

• “灸”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

• “灸”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
• “Entry #8815”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “灸”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 314.

Japanese

Kanji

灸

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. moxibustion

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: やいと (yaito, 灸)^{←やいと (yaito, 灸, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
灸
きゅう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 灸 (MC kjuwX|kjuwH).

Alternative forms

• お灸(きゅう) (o-kyū)

Noun

灸(きゅう) • (kyū) ^{←きう (kiu)?}

1. moxibustion

Synonyms

• 灸治(きゅうじ) (kyūji)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
灸
やいと Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From 焼き (yaki, “scorching”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 焼(や)く (yaku).) + 処 (to, “place”).

Noun

灸(やいと) • (yaito) ^{←やいと (yaito)?}

1. Same as above.

References

• “^▲灸”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

灸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

1. (뜸) moxibustion

Compounds

• 鍼灸 (침구, chimgu): acupuncture and moxibustion

See also

• 艾 (애, ae): moxa, mugwort
• 鍼 (침, chim): acupuncture

Vietnamese

Han character

灸: Hán Nôm readings: cứu

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