奄

奄	U+5944, 奄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5944

← 奃
[U+5943]

CJK Unified Ideographs

奅 →
[U+5945]

奄	U+FA7E, 奄 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA7E

← 墳
[U+FA7D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

奔 →
[U+FA7F]

Translingual

Han character

奄 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 大中田山 (KLWU), four-corner 4071₆, composition ⿱大电(GTJKV) or ⿱大⿻日㇄(T))

Derived characters

俺, 唵, 埯, 㛪, 崦, 㡋, 𢔂, 㤿, 掩, 淹, 晻, 㭺, 殗, 㷈, 䄋, 腌, 㽢, 䁆, 硽, 䅖, 裺, 䎨, 䛳, 醃, 䤶, 餣, 馣, 黤, 㞄, 剦, 䣍, 㪑, 鵪 (鹌), 奙, 菴, 罨, 閹 (阉), 庵, 痷, 匎

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 250, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5881
Dae Jaweon: page 510, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 534, character 3
Unihan data for U+5944

Unihan data for U+FA7E

Chinese

trad.		奄
simp. ^#		奄
alternative forms		闇／暗 suddenly

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奄
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (奄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
庵	qoːm, qoːb
鵪	*qoːm
菴	qoːm, qrom
馣	*qoːm
晻	qoːmʔ, qromʔ
唵	*qoːmʔ
黤	qoːmʔ, qraːmʔ
埯	qaːmʔ, qomʔ
淹	qroːm, qrom, qom, qoms
閹	qrom, qromʔ
崦	*qrom
醃	qrom, qom
掩	*qromʔ
奄	*qromʔ
罨	qromʔ, qoːb, *qob
裺	qromʔ, qoms
俺	qromʔ, qoms
腌	qom, qrob, *qob
殗	*qob
餣	*qob

Chen (2021): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qromʔ): abbreviated semantic 盍 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb)^[1] — original form of 掩 (OC *qromʔ, “to cover”).

Shuowen: ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim²
  - Yale: yím
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
  - Tâi-lô: iám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /iam⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iam⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iam⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: 'jemX

Rime
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	衣儉切
Baxter	'jemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiam^X/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ĭɛm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)omʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qromʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)omʔ/
English	cover
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
No.	14344
Phonetic component	奄
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	奄
Old Chinese	/*qromʔ/

Definitions

奄

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cover; to surround; to include
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn, yān

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ, ㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám / iam / am

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yan
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim¹
  - Yale: yīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
  - Tâi-lô: iám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iam
  - Tâi-lô: iam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafm
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: am
  - Tâi-lô: am
  - Phofsit Daibuun: afm
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /am⁴⁴/

Definitions

奄

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yan
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim¹
  - Yale: yīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/

Definitions

奄

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 閹 / 阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”)

Compounds

Pronunciation 4

Cantonese (Jyutping): am¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: am¹
  - Yale: ām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: am¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: em¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐm⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Compounds

奄列

References

^ 陳剣「説“規”等字並論一些特別的形声字意符」『源遠流長――漢字国際学術検討会暨AEARU第三届漢字文化検討会論文集』楊栄祥、胡勅瑞主編、北京大学出版社、2017年、10-12頁。

Japanese

Kanji

奄

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←えむ (emu, ancient)}
Kan-on: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←えむ (emu, ancient)}
Kun: おおう (ōu, 奄う)^{←おほふ (ofofu, 奄ふ, historical)}、たちまち (tachimachi, 奄ち)、ふさがる (fusagaru, 奄がる)
Nanori: あま (ama)

Korean

Hanja

奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

奄: Hán Nôm readings: yêm, yểm, ăm, im, em

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Từ Điển Hán Nôm

[1] 陳剣「説“規”等字並論一些特別的形声字意符」『源遠流長――漢字国際学術検討会暨AEARU第三届漢字文化検討会論文集』楊栄祥、胡勅瑞主編、北京大学出版社、2017年、10-12頁。

[1]