淹

淹	U+6DF9, 淹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DF9

淹	U+2F90E, 淹 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90E

← 𣻑
[U+2F90D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

潮 →
[U+2F90F]

Translingual

Han character

淹 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 水大中山 (EKLU), four-corner 3411₆, composition ⿰氵奄)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17696
Dae Jaweon: page 1038, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1644, character 1
Unihan data for U+6DF9

Unihan data for U+2F90E

Chinese

trad.		淹
simp. ^#		淹
alternative forms		淊渰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 淹
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (奄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
庵	qoːm, qoːb
鵪	*qoːm
菴	qoːm, qrom
馣	*qoːm
晻	qoːmʔ, qromʔ
唵	*qoːmʔ
黤	qoːmʔ, qraːmʔ
埯	qaːmʔ, qomʔ
淹	qroːm, qrom, qom, qoms
閹	qrom, qromʔ
崦	*qrom
醃	qrom, qom
掩	*qromʔ
奄	*qromʔ
罨	qromʔ, qoːb, *qob
裺	qromʔ, qoms
俺	qromʔ, qoms
腌	qom, qrob, *qob
殗	*qob
餣	*qob

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngan¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yám

(Hailu, HRS): rham^ˊ
Eastern Min (BUC): iĕng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing¹ / ieng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): im / iam

(Teochew, Peng'im): im¹ / iam¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹i / ⁵ae / ¹ie / ¹ienn / ¹ae / ⁵ie / ¹aen / ¹ien / ¹iaen / ⁵i
- (Jinhua): ⁵ie; ⁵ian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yan
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim¹
  - Yale: yīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yám
  - Hakka Romanization System: iam^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yam³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯am³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yám
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iam^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yam³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯am³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rham^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒam²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ing¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

ing1 - vernacular;
ieng1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: im
  - Tâi-lô: im
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ym
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /im⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /im³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iam
  - Tâi-lô: iam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafm
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam³³/

Note:

im - vernacular;
iam - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: im¹ / iam¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: im / iam
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /im³³/, /iam³³/

Note:

im1 - vernacular;
iam1 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chuansha)
  - Wugniu: ¹i
  - MiniDict: i^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /i⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /i⁵³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Chongming)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ae
  - MiniDict: ae^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /e³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ʔæ³³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Suzhou, Yixing, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing, Xiaoshan)
  - Wugniu: ¹ie
  - MiniDict: ie^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɪ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɪ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Yixing): /iɪ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɪ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ie⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /iɛ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /ie⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /iɛ⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Deqing): /ie⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiaoshan): /iɛ̃⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jingjiang)
  - Wugniu: ¹ienn
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /iɪ̃⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Tongxiang)
  - Wugniu: ¹ae
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /æ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Haining)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ie
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /ie⁴⁴⁵/
- (Northern: Jingjiang)
  - Wugniu: ¹aen
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /ã⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Cixi, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ¹ien
  - MiniDict: ien^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /iẽ̞³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /iẽ⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Cixi): /iẽ³²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ĩ⁵³/
- (Northern: Fuyang)
  - Wugniu: ¹iaen
  - Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /iɛ̃⁵³/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁵i
  - MiniDict: i^去
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /i⁵⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ie; ⁵ian
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ie⁵⁵/, /iã⁵⁵/

Note:

¹ienn (Jingjiang), ¹ie (Jiading, Tongxiang) - literary;
¹aen (Jingjiang), ¹e (Jiading), ¹ae (Tongxiang) - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: 'jem, 'jaemH

Rime
Character	淹	淹
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)	嚴 (145)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	央炎切	於劔切
Baxter	'jem	'jaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇm/	/ʔɨɐm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛm/	/ʔiɐm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæm/	/ʔiɐm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiam/	/ʔɨam^H/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛm/	/ʔiɐm^H/
Wang Li	/ĭɛm/	/ĭɐm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛm/	/ʔi̯ɐm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yān	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim¹	jim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)om/

(Zhengzhang): /*qroːm/, /*qrom/, /*qom/, /*qoms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	淹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yān
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjem ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)om/
English	submerge, soak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	淹	淹	淹	淹
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	14336	14338	14352	14354
Phonetic component	奄	奄	奄	奄
Rime group	談	談	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	𤟟	淹	醃
Old Chinese	/*qroːm/	/*qrom/	/*qom/	/*qoms/
Notes	手冊作淊今字			原列梵韻依王韻改釅

Definitions

淹

to soak; to flood; to drown; to submerge
(of skin) to be tingling from sweat
(literary) wide; deep; thorough
(literary) to stay; to stop over; to be detained
(literary) to delay; to take a long time
(literary) slow; sluggish

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

淹

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: えん (en)、おん (on)
Kan-on: えん (en)
On: よう (yō)
Kun: いれる (ireru, 淹れる)、ひたす (hitasu, 淹す)、ひさしい (hisashii, 淹しい)、とどまる (todomaru, 淹まる)
Nanori: ひさ (hisa)

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?) (particularly: よう, おん readings)

Korean

Hanja

淹 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

淹: Hán Nôm readings: yêm, êm, im, ươm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.