童

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童 U+7AE5, 童
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AE5
← 竤
[U+7AE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竦 →
[U+7AE6]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
12 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
12 strokes

Han character[edit]

童 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿田土 (YTWG), four-corner 00104, composition ⿱立里)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1302, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2711, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7AE5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 童
2nd round simp. 仝
alternative forms 𬔥
𥪿
𥫍
僮 servant boy

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 童
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撞 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦 *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇 *rdoːŋ
𩪘 *rdoːŋ
艟 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽 *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董 *toːŋʔ
蕫 *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽 *toːŋʔ
懂 *toːŋʔ
湩 *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童 *doːŋ
僮 *doːŋ
瞳 *doːŋ
罿 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝 *doːŋ
潼 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜 *doːŋ, *doŋ
動 *doːŋʔ
慟 *doːŋs
堹 *toŋs
諥 *toŋs
蹱 *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重 *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟 *doŋ, *doŋs
蝩 *doŋ
褈 *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘 *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾 *tjoŋ
籦 *tjoŋ
種 *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫 *tjoŋʔ
踵 *tjoŋʔ
歱 *tjoŋʔ
喠 *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅 *tjoŋs
衝 *tʰjoŋ
揰 *tʰjoŋs
尰 *djoŋʔ

In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 䇂 (“chisel”) + 目 (“eye”) + 𡈼 (“person standing on soil”). It depicts a person getting their eye gouged out, a common punishment for slaves in ancient China. Compare 民, 臧.

In bronze inscriptions, the phonetic component 東 (OC *toːŋ) was added, making the character phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ).

In the modern form 䇂 has corrupted into 立. The bottom 里 derives from 東 combining with 土, similar to 重.

Etymology[edit]

“child; servant boy; virgin; bare”
Löffler (1966) compares it to Kukish dong (“boy”); see also Rengmitca tong-kléng' (“boy”), Areng thon-dén (“boy”) (Löffler, 1960). Schuessler (2007) also compares it to Hmong-Mien: White Hmong tub (“son”), Iu Mien dorn (“son”).
“shaman”
Norman and Mei (1976) proposed that the Min Chinese word for “shaman” (*-dəŋA), written as 童, is from an Austroasiatic substratum, cognate with Vietnamese đồng, Mon ဒံၚ် (tòŋ, “to dance while under daemonic possession; to proceed by leaps”), ဒေါၚ် (tòŋ, “shaman called in to organise kəlok dances”). This is rebutted in Sagart (2008), who cited the wide distribution of the sense “magician; sorcerer” in late 19th-century & early 20th-century Chinese and the secondary meaning of 童 as “servant; messenger”, describing the resemblance between the Min and Austroasiatic terms as “undoubtedly fortuitous”.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • tâng - vernacular;
  • tông - literary.
Note:
  • dang5 - vernacular ("possessed“);
  • tong5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 童
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 東 (1)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 徒紅切
    Baxter duwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/duŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/duŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/duŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/dəwŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/duŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/duŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/dʱuŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		tóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tung4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 童
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		tóng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ duwng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]ˁoŋ/
    English boy

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 童
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17439
    Phonetic
    component         		重
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		同
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doːŋ/
    Notes 說文重省聲

    Definitions[edit]

    童

    1. child
      兒童／儿童  ―  értóng  ―  child
      童子  ―  tóngzǐ  ―  boy
      童年  ―  tóngnián  ―  childhood
      這家商店童鞋有現貨。 [MSC, trad.]
      这家商店童鞋有现货。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè jiā shāngdiàn tóngxié yǒu xiànhuò. [Pinyin]
      The store had children's shoes in stock.
      那個病童的情況今天看起來比昨天更不妙。 [MSC, trad.]
      那个病童的情况今天看起来比昨天更不妙。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nà ge bìngtóng de qíngkuàng jīntiān kànqǐlái bǐ zuótiān gèng bùmiào. [Pinyin]
      The sick child looks still worse today than yesterday.
    2. young servant; servant boy
      門童／门童  ―  méntóng  ―  doorman
      書童／书童  ―  shūtóng  ―  page boy
      球童  ―  qiútóng  ―  caddie
    3. (Min, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu) shaman
    4. virgin
    5. bare; exposed
      童山  ―  tóngshān  ―  bare hill
    6. a surname
      童貫／童贯  ―  Tóng Guàn  ―  Tong Guan (Song dynasty court eunuch)
    7. 12th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "youthfulness" (𝌑)

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 童
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    童󠄂
    童+&#xE0102;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    童

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. juvenile, child

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    童
    わらわ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
    【わらわ】
    [noun] (archaic, historical) a hairstyle, with the hair not tied up but hanging loose, typically worn by children
    [noun] (by extension, archaic) a child older than a baby but not yet an adult
    [noun] (archaic) a child servant, a child who does errands; (especially) a young servant of a Buddhist temple
    [noun] (archaic, historical) short for 五節の童女 (gosechi no warawa), a girl who dances in 五節(ごせち) (gosechi) festivals
    (This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    童
    わらべ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
    【わらべ】
    [noun] a child
    [noun] a young servant
    [noun] (humble) my wife
    (This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    童
    わらんべ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
    【わらんべ】
    [noun] (archaic) a child
    [noun] (archaic, by extension) someone who had not attained genpuku adulthood
    (This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    童
    わらし
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry: わらし

    (The following entry is uncreated: わらし.)

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    童
    わっぱ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
    【わっぱ】
    [noun] (archaic) a child
    [noun] child, kid, boy (used in scolding a child or male person)
    [noun] (archaic) a young servant
    [adverb] (archaic, usually followed by と (to)) yelling loudly
    (This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1595 (paper), page 849 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 童 (MC duwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    童 (eumhun 아이 동 (ai dong))

    1. Hanja form? of 동 (“child”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    童: Hán Nôm readings: đồng

    1. (occult, divination) of mediums or divination
      bà đồng ― a female medium
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