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童

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
童 U+7AE5, 童
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AE5
← 竤
[U+7AE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竦 →
[U+7AE6]

Translingual

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Stroke order
12 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
12 strokes

Han character

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童 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+7, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 卜廿田土 (YTWG), four-corner 00104, composition ⿱立里)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1302, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2711, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7AE5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 童
2nd round simp. 仝
alternative forms 𬔥
𥪿
𥫍
僮 servant boy

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 童
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撞 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦 *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇 *rdoːŋ
𩪘 *rdoːŋ
艟 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽 *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董 *toːŋʔ
蕫 *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽 *toːŋʔ
懂 *toːŋʔ
湩 *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童 *doːŋ
僮 *doːŋ
瞳 *doːŋ
罿 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝 *doːŋ
潼 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜 *doːŋ, *doŋ
動 *doːŋʔ
慟 *doːŋs
堹 *toŋs
諥 *toŋs
蹱 *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重 *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟 *doŋ, *doŋs
蝩 *doŋ
褈 *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘 *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾 *tjoŋ
籦 *tjoŋ
種 *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫 *tjoŋʔ
踵 *tjoŋʔ
歱 *tjoŋʔ
喠 *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅 *tjoŋs
衝 *tʰjoŋ
揰 *tʰjoŋs
尰 *djoŋʔ

In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 䇂 (“chisel”) + 見 (“kneeling person with a huge eye”). It depicts a person getting their eye (目) gouged out, a common punishment for slaves in ancient China. Compare 民, 臧.

In bronze inscriptions, the phonetic component 東 (OC *toːŋ) was added, making the character phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声).

In the modern form 䇂 has corrupted into 立. The bottom 里 derives from 東 combining with 土, similar to 重.

Etymology

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“child; servant boy; virgin; bare”
Löffler (1966) compares it to Kuki-Chin dong (“boy”); see also Rengmitca tong-kléng' (“boy”), Areng thon-dén (“boy”) (Löffler, 1960). Schuessler (2007) also compares it to Hmong-Mien: White Hmong tub (“son”), Iu Mien dorn (“son”).
“shaman”
Norman and Mei (1976) proposed that the Min Chinese word for “shaman” (*-dəŋA), written as 童, is from an Austroasiatic substratum, cognate with Vietnamese đồng, Mon ဒံၚ် (tòŋ, “to dance while under daemonic possession; to proceed by leaps”), ဒေါၚ် (tòŋ, “shaman called in to organise kəlok dances”). This is rebutted in Sagart (2008), who cited the wide distribution of the sense “magician; sorcerer” in late 19th-century & early 20th-century Chinese and the secondary meaning of 童 as “servant; messenger”, describing the resemblance between the Min and Austroasiatic terms as “undoubtedly fortuitous”.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tâng - vernacular;
  • tông - literary (incl. surname);
  • thâng - alternative reading for surname sense.
Note:
  • dang5 - vernacular ("possessed“);
  • tong5 - literary.
Rime
Character 童
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒紅切
Baxter duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/duŋ/
Wang
Li 		/duŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 童
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ duwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]ˁoŋ/
English boy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 童
Reading # 1/1
No. 17439
Phonetic
component 		重
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		同
Old
Chinese 		/*doːŋ/
Notes 說文重省聲

Definitions

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童

  1. child
    兒童／儿童  ―  értóng  ―  child
    童子  ―  tóngzǐ  ―  boy
    童年  ―  tóngnián  ―  childhood
    這家商店童鞋有現貨。 [MSC, trad.]
    这家商店童鞋有现货。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiā shāngdiàn tóngxié yǒu xiànhuò. [Pinyin]
    The store had children's shoes in stock.
    那個病童的情況今天看起來比昨天更不妙。 [MSC, trad.]
    那个病童的情况今天看起来比昨天更不妙。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nà ge bìngtóng de qíngkuàng jīntiān kànqǐlái bǐ zuótiān gèng bùmiào. [Pinyin]
    The sick child looks still worse today than yesterday.
  2. young servant; servant boy
    門童／门童  ―  méntóng  ―  doorman
    書童／书童  ―  shūtóng  ―  page boy
    球童  ―  qiútóng  ―  caddie
  3. (Min, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu) shaman
  4. virgin
  5. bald; bare; exposed
    童山濯濯  ―  tóngshān zhuózhuó  ―  hills denuded of vegetation
  6. a surname
    童貫／童贯  ―  Tóng Guàn  ―  Tong Guan (Song dynasty court eunuch)
  7. 12th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "youthfulness" (𝌑)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 童
Kyūjitai
[1]
童󠄂
童+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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童

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. juvenile, child

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
童
わらわ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
【わらわ】
[noun] (archaic, historical) a hairstyle, with the hair not tied up but hanging loose, typically worn by children
[noun] (by extension, archaic) a child older than a baby but not yet an adult
[noun] (archaic) a child servant, a child who does errands; (especially) a young servant of a Buddhist temple
[noun] (archaic, historical) short for 五節の童女 (gosechi no warawa), a girl who dances in 五節(ごせち) (gosechi) festivals
(This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
童
わらべ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
【わらべ】
[noun] a child
[noun] a young servant
[noun] (humble) my wife
(This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Derived terms

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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
童
わらんべ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
【わらんべ】
[noun] (archaic) a child
[noun] (archaic, by extension) someone who had not attained genpuku adulthood
(This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
童
わらし
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
童子

Noun

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童(わらし) • (warashi) 

  1. (Tōhoku) child
    • 2013 April 2, 宮(く)藤(どう)官(かん)九(く)郎(ろう) (Kudō Kankurō), 11:42 from the start, in あまちゃん (Amachan) [Amachan], episode 2, NHK:
      大(てえ)したもんだど、このわらしな！　一(ひと)人(り)でウニ８(やっ)つもかっ食(く)らって！
      Tēshita mon da do, kono warashi na! Hitori de uni yattsu mo kakkuratte!
      She's quite something, this kid! Wolfed down eight whole urchins all by herself!
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
童
わっぱ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 童 – see the following entry.
【わっぱ】
[noun] (archaic) a child
[noun] child, kid, boy (used in scolding a child or male person)
[noun] (archaic) a young servant
[adverb] (archaic, usually followed by と (to)) yelling loudly
(This term, 童, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1595 (paper), page 849 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 童 (MC duwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

童 (eumhun 아이 동 (ai dong))

  1. hanja form? of 동 (“child”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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童: Hán Nôm readings: đồng

  1. (occult, divination) of mediums or divination
    bà đồng ― a female medium
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