慟

See also: 恸

慟 U+615F, 慟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-615F ← 慞 [U+615E] CJK Unified Ideographs 慠 → [U+6160]

Translingual

Han character

慟 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 心竹土尸 (PHGS), four-corner 9402₇, composition ⿰忄動)

Derived characters

• 𡂁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11103
• Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 6
• Unihan data for U+615F

Chinese

trad.		慟
simp.		恸
alternative forms		憅／𮲄 𢣛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撞	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦	*rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇	*rdoːŋ
𩪘	*rdoːŋ
艟	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽	*tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董	*toːŋʔ
蕫	*toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽	*toːŋʔ
懂	*toːŋʔ
湩	*toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈	*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童	*doːŋ
僮	*doːŋ
瞳	*doːŋ
罿	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝	*doːŋ
潼	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜	*doːŋ, *doŋ
動	*doːŋʔ
慟	*doːŋs
堹	*toŋs
諥	*toŋs
蹱	*tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重	*doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟	*doŋ, *doŋs
蝩	*doŋ
褈	*doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘	*tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾	*tjoŋ
籦	*tjoŋ
種	*tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫	*tjoŋʔ
踵	*tjoŋʔ
歱	*tjoŋʔ
喠	*tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅	*tjoŋs
衝	*tʰjoŋ
揰	*tʰjoŋs
尰	*djoŋʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tòng (tong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thung

  (Hailu, HRS): tung^˖

• Eastern Min (BUC): dông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorng⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tōng
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶don

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tòng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung⁴
    • Yale: tùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonq
    • Palladius: тун (tun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dung⁶
    • Yale: duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /touŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng
    • Tâi-lô: tōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dong
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶don
    • MiniDict: don^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³don
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /doŋ²³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: duwngH

Rime
Character	慟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒弄切
Baxter	duwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋH/
Li Rong	/duŋH/
Wang Li	/duŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤoŋʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tòng
Middle Chinese	‹ duwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁoŋʔ-s/
English	grieved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慟
Reading #	1/1
No.	17450
Phonetic component	重
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	洞
Old Chinese	/*doːŋs/

Definitions

慟

1. deeply grieved; sorely sorrowful

Compounds

• 哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
• 大慟 / 大恸 (dàtòng)
• 悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
• 慟哭 / 恸哭 (tòngkū)
• 慟哭流涕 / 恸哭流涕
• 慟絕 / 恸绝
• 撫尸慟哭 / 抚尸恸哭
• 撫膺大慟 / 抚膺大恸
• 觸目慟心 / 触目恸心

References

• “慟”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01421
• William Campbell (1913), A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 726.
• 徐兆泉 (2009), “慟”, in 臺灣四縣腔海陸腔客家話辭典 [Hakka Dictionary of Taiwan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc..
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “恸”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 248.

Japanese

Kanji

慟

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. lament, grieve

Readings

• Go-on: ずう (zū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō)
• Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
• Kun: なげく (nageku, 慟く)

Compounds

• 慟哭(どうこく) (dōkoku), 哭慟(こくどう) (kokudō, “wail, lament”)

Korean

Hanja

慟 (eum 통 (tong))

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Vietnamese

Han character

慟: Hán Nôm readings: đỏng

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