腫

See also: 肿

腫 U+816B, 腫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-816B ← 腪 [U+816A] CJK Unified Ideographs 腬 → [U+816C]

Translingual

Han character

腫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月竹十土 (BHJG), four-corner 7221₄, composition ⿰月重)

Derived characters

• 𬉎, 𫇁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 989, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29697
• Dae Jaweon: page 1441, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2096, character 15
• Unihan data for U+816B

Chinese

trad.		腫
simp.		肿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 腫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撞	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦	*rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇	*rdoːŋ
𩪘	*rdoːŋ
艟	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽	*tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董	*toːŋʔ
蕫	*toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽	*toːŋʔ
懂	*toːŋʔ
湩	*toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈	*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童	*doːŋ
僮	*doːŋ
瞳	*doːŋ
罿	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝	*doːŋ
潼	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜	*doːŋ, *doŋ
動	*doːŋʔ
慟	*doːŋs
堹	*toŋs
諥	*toŋs
蹱	*tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重	*doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟	*doŋ, *doŋs
蝩	*doŋ
褈	*doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘	*tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾	*tjoŋ
籦	*tjoŋ
種	*tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫	*tjoŋʔ
踵	*tjoŋʔ
歱	*tjoŋʔ
喠	*tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅	*tjoŋs
衝	*tʰjoŋ
揰	*tʰjoŋs
尰	*djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjoŋʔ): semantic 肉 (“meat, flesh”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǒng (zhong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chúng
• Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̄ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chióng / chéng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tson

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǒng
    • Wade–Giles: chung³
    • Yale: jǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joong
    • Palladius: чжун (čžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zung²
    • Yale: júng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: zuung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: zung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zung³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̄ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng
    • Tâi-lô: tsióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciorng
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
    • Tâi-lô: tsíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /t͡seŋ⁴²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

Note:

• chióng - literary;
• chéng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zêng²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tséng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tson
    • MiniDict: tson^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tson
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyowngX

Rime
Character	腫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之隴切
Baxter	tsyowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuawŋX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕioŋX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭwoŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*toŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjoŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	腫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyowngX ›
Old Chinese	/*toŋʔ/
English	swell, swollen; tumor
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腫
Reading #	1/1
No.	17472
Phonetic component	重
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	腫
Old Chinese	/*tjoŋʔ/

Definitions

腫

1. to be swollen; to swell

Compounds

• 五䫲六腫 / 五𲋃六肿
• 卵巢囊腫 / 卵巢囊肿 (luǎncháo nángzhǒng)
• 惡性腫瘤 / 恶性肿瘤 (èxìng zhǒngliú)
• 打腫臉龐 / 打肿脸庞
• 擁腫 / 拥肿
• 水腫 / 水肿 (shuǐzhǒng)
• 消腫 / 消肿 (xiāozhǒng)
• 浮腫 / 浮肿 (fúzhǒng)
• 無名腫毒 / 无名肿毒
• 甲狀腺腫 / 甲状腺肿 (jiǎzhuàngxiànzhǒng)
• 癰腫 / 痈肿
• 紅腫 / 红肿 (hóngzhǒng)
• 肝腫大 / 肝肿大
• 肺囊腫 / 肺囊肿
• 肺氣腫 / 肺气肿 (fèiqìzhǒng)
• 脾腫 / 脾肿
• 腫噲 / 肿哙
• 腫塊 / 肿块 (zhǒngkuài)
• 腫大 / 肿大 (zhǒngdà)
• 腫瘍 / 肿疡 (zhǒngyáng)
• 腫瘤 / 肿瘤 (zhǒngliú)
• 腫脹 / 肿胀 (zhǒngzhàng)
• 腦腫瘤 / 脑肿瘤
• 腫餃 / 肿饺
• 腫骨鹿 / 肿骨鹿
• 臃腫 / 臃肿 (yōngzhǒng)
• 膿腫 / 脓肿 (nóngzhǒng)
• 良性腫瘤 / 良性肿瘤 (liángxìng zhǒngliú)
• 血腫 / 血肿 (xuèzhǒng)
• 關節腫大 / 关节肿大
• 䫲腫 / 𲋃肿
• 骨腫瘤 / 骨肿瘤
• 麥粒腫 / 麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)
• 鼻青臉腫 / 鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)

Japanese

Kanji

腫

(Jōyō kanji)

1. tumor, growth; swelling

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kun: はれる (hareru, 腫れる, Jōyō)、はらす (harasu, 腫らす, Jōyō)、はれもの (haremono, 腫)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
腫
しゅ Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

腫(しゅ) • (shu) 

1. tumor, growth

Suffix

腫(しゅ) • (-shu) 

1. tumor
2. type of cancer

References

• “^△腫”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腫 (MC tsyowngX).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	브을 (Yale: pùùl)	죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [종(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

腫 (eumhun 부스럼 종 (buseureom jong))

1. hanja form^? of 종 (“tumour”)

Compounds

• 결핵종 (結核腫, gyeolhaekjong)
• 근종 (筋腫, geunjong)
• 암종 (癌腫, amjong)
• 육아종 (肉芽腫, yugajong)
• 종기 (腫氣, jonggi)
• 종양 (腫瘍, jong'yang)
• 혈관종 (血管腫, hyeolgwanjong)
• 흑색종 (黑色腫, heuksaekjong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

腫: Hán Nôm readings: thũng, sũng, thõng, thủng, thuỗn, sõng

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