muka
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka (uncountable)
Anagrams
[edit]Czech
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- muky f pl
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka n pl
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “muka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “muka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “muka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *muka, probably equivalent to muu (“other, else”) + -ka. Akin to Karelian muka, Livvi muga and Veps muga.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]muka (not comparable)
- supposedly, allegedly, as if (used to express that what follows is doubtful or untrue)
- Synonyms: mukamas, (dialectal) mukamasten, mukamasti
- Miten voi kalliimpi olla aina muka jotenkin parempi?
- How can more expensive supposedly always be somehow better?
- Oletko sinä muka purjehtinut Atlantin yli?
- Do you claim you have sailed across the Atlantic?
- (in compounds) pseudo-
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “muka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023
Anagrams
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay muka, from Classical Malay [script needed] (muka), from Old Malay [script needed] (mukha), Sanskrit मुख (mukha).
- Displaced native words muha (a regular reflex of Proto-Malayic *muha (“face; front”)), dahi (now chiefly meaning “forehead”) from Proto-Malayic *dahi from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS (“forehead; face”),[1] and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mujiŋ (“human face, nose”) whence Indonesian hidung.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈmuka/ [ˈmu.ka]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -uka
- Syllabification: mu‧ka
Noun
[edit]muka (plural muka-muka)
- face
- Synonym: wajah
- act, façade, front, persona, show: an intentional and false impression of oneself
- person
- typeface
- Synonym: pagina
- previous event
Derived terms
[edit]- kehilangan muka (“lose face”)
- tidak punya muka (“shameless”)
- muka air tanah
- muka badak
- muka bantal
- muka baru
- muka berbakat
- muka berkilat
- muka bohong
- muka bumi
- muka datar
- muka dua
- muka fron
- muka gawang
- muka gepeng
- muka kain
- muka kecut
- muka kucel
- muka kumal
- muka kusam
- muka lama
- muka lempeng
- muka malu
- muka manis
- muka masam
- muka papan
- muka pasaran
- muka pengen
- muka persidangan
- muka sabak
- muka sange
- muka stik
- muka surutan
- muka tebal
- muka tembem
- muka tembok
- muka tidur
- muka umum
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2023), “Traces of Contact in the Lexicon”, in Lexical Influence from South Asia[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 39
- ^ https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_m.htm#7282
Further reading
[edit]- “muka”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]muka
- romanization of ꦩꦸꦏ
Kaurna
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka
See also
[edit]- yarla-muka (“calf muscle”)
- muka-muka (“the brain”)
- kardlumuka (“scrotum, testes”)
- kuntumuka (“the male breast”)
- ngarrumuka (“scrotum, testes, brain”)
Lower Sorbian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *mǫka; cognate with Upper Sorbian muka, Polish mąka, Czech mouka, Russian мука́ (muká), Old Church Slavonic мѫка (mǫka).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka f (diminutive mucka)
- flour (powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains)
Declension
[edit]Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Classical Malay [script needed] (muka), from Old Malay [script needed] (mukha), from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).[1] Displaced native muha, a regular reflex of Proto-Malayic *muha (“face; front”); and dahi (now meaning “forehead”) from Proto-Malayic *dahi from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS (“forehead; face”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Bahasa Baku) IPA(key): /ˈmuka/ [ˈmu.ka]
- (Standard Southern Peninsula) IPA(key): /ˈmukə/ [ˈmu.kə]
- Rhymes: -uka, -ka, -a
- Hyphenation: mu‧ka
Noun
[edit]muka (Jawi spelling موک, plural muka-muka or muka2)
- (anatomy) face
- Synonym: wajah
- front, facade
- Synonym: depan
- surface, flat or exposed overside
- Synonym: permukaan
Derived terms
[edit]Regular affixed derivations:
- pemuka [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
- bermuka [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- muka-muka [reduplication] (redup)
- bermuka-muka [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
- semuka [immediacy / habitual] (se-)
- menyemukakan [immediacy / habitual + agent focus + causative benefactive] (se- + meN- + -kan)
- bersemuka [immediacy / habitual + stative / habitual] (se- + beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 120
- ^ Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2023), “Traces of Contact in the Lexicon”, in Lexical Influence from South Asia[2], Brill, →ISBN, page 39
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “موك moeka”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 137
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “موک muka”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 663
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “muka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 150
Further reading
[edit]- "muka" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
Mambae
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka
Mwani
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka class 1 (plural waka)
Coordinate terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Oromo
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Somali mukay (“large fruit tree”). Compare Proto-South Cushitic *muuka (“stem, trunk”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]múka m (plural mukkeen, definite mukicha)
Inflection
[edit]| Singular | |
|---|---|
| Absolutive | múka |
| Nominative | mukni |
| Genitive | mukáa |
| Dative | mukaaf |
| Instrumental | mukaan |
Phuthi
[edit]Verb
[edit]-múka
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Rayón Zoque
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka
References
[edit]- Harrison, Roy; B. de Harrison, Margaret; López Juárez, Francisco; Ordoñes, Cosme (1984), Vocabulario zoque de Rayón (Serie de diccionarios y vocabularios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 28)[4] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 18
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torture, torment”), Cognates include Czech muka.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mȕka f (Cyrillic spelling му̏ка)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | mȕka | muke |
| genitive | muke | mȗkā |
| dative | mȕci | mukama |
| accusative | muku | muke |
| vocative | muko | muke |
| locative | mȕci | mukama |
| instrumental | mukom | mukama |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “muka”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“flour”), Cognates include Czech mouka.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]múka f (Cyrillic spelling му́ка)
Declension
[edit]Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]muka f
Usage notes
[edit]Almost exclusively used in the plural; the singular form is used mostly in poetry.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | muka | muky |
| genitive | muky | múk |
| dative | muke | mukám |
| accusative | muku | muky |
| locative | muke | mukách |
| instrumental | mukou | mukami |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “muka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026
Tarifit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic موكة (mūka, “owl”), from Berber origin.
Noun
[edit]muka f (plural mukat, Tifinagh spelling ⵎⵓⴽⴰ)
Zulu
[edit]Verb
[edit]-múka
- (transitive, intransitive) alternative form of -emuka
Inflection
[edit]References
[edit]- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “muka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “muka (3.9)”
- English terms borrowed from Māori
- English terms derived from Māori
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech neuter nouns
- Czech pluralia tantum
- Czech literary terms
- Czech velar-stem neuter nouns
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms suffixed with -ka
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ukɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ukɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish adverbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Old Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Sanskrit
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/uka
- Rhymes:Indonesian/uka/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Kaurna lemmas
- Kaurna nouns
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian nouns
- Lower Sorbian feminine nouns
- dsb:Foods
- Malay terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Malay terms derived from Classical Malay
- Malay terms inherited from Old Malay
- Malay terms derived from Old Malay
- Malay terms derived from Sanskrit
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/uka
- Rhymes:Malay/uka/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/ka
- Rhymes:Malay/ka/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/a
- Rhymes:Malay/a/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- ms:Anatomy
- ms:Body parts
- Mambae lemmas
- Mambae nouns
- Mwani lemmas
- Mwani nouns
- Mwani class 1 nouns
- wmw:Family
- Oromo dialectal terms
- Oromo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Oromo lemmas
- Oromo nouns
- Oromo masculine nouns
- om:Plants
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi verbs
- Rayón Zoque lemmas
- Rayón Zoque nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns
- Regional Serbo-Croatian
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak 2-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Slovak/uka
- Rhymes:Slovak/uka/2 syllables
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak feminine nouns
- Slovak terms with declension žena
- Tarifit terms borrowed from Moroccan Arabic
- Tarifit terms derived from Moroccan Arabic
- Tarifit lemmas
- Tarifit nouns
- Tarifit feminine nouns
- rif:Animals
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu verbs
- Zulu transitive verbs
- Zulu intransitive verbs
- Zulu verbs with tone H
