地震

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Chinese[edit]

 
earth; ground; field
earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly
 shake; shock; sign in trigram
trad. (地震) 地 震
simp. #(地震) 地 震
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Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 地 震
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 徒四切 章刃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/diɪH/ /t͡ɕiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/diH/ /t͡ɕinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/djɪH/ /t͡ɕjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/diH/ /cinH/
Li
Rong 		/diH/ /t͡ɕiĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/diH/ /t͡ɕĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱiH/ /t͡ɕi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dì zhèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dei6 zan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 地 震
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dì zhèn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dijH › ‹ tsyinH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]ˁej-s/ /*tər-s/
English earth, ground clap of thunder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 地 震
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 14808 1367
Phonetic
component 		也 辰
Rime
group 		歌 文
Rime
subdivision 		2 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		地 震
Old
Chinese 		/*l'els/ /*tjɯn/

Noun[edit]

地震

  1. earthquake (Classifier: 場／场 m; 次 m c)
    地震活動／地震活动  ―  dìzhèn huódòng  ―  seismic activity
    臺灣發生地震了。／台湾发生地震了。  ―  Táiwān fāshēng dìzhèn le.  ―  There was an earthquake in Taiwan.
    發生了大地震，大陸及港、澳、台三地藝人為了救災共襄盛舉，舉辦了多場演唱會。 [MSC, trad.]
    发生了大地震，大陆及港、澳、台三地艺人为了救灾共襄盛举，举办了多场演唱会。 [MSC, simp.]
    Fāshēng le dà dìzhèn, Dàlù jí Gǎng, Ào, Tái sān dì yìrén wèile jiùzāi gòngxiāngshèngjǔ, jǔbàn le duō chǎng yǎnchànghuì. [Pinyin]
    After the major earthquake, artists from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all worked together to perform several concerts to collect funds for disaster relief.
  2. (figuratively, usually in politics or business) shifting or shuffling of posts
    官場大地震／官场大地震  ―  guānchǎng dàdìzhèn  ―  a major change in government officials

Synonyms[edit]

  • (literary, or in compounds) 震 (zhèn)
Dialectal synonyms of 地震 (“(to have an) earthquake”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 地震
Mandarin Beijing 地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒, 鰲魚翻身
Taiwan 地震, 地牛翻身
Tianjin 地震
Tangshan 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Cangzhou 地震
Baoding 地震, 地動
Shijiazhuang 地震, 地動
Chifeng 地震, 地動
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 地震
Harbin 地震
Shenyang 地震, 老鱉翻身
Qingdao 地震
Jinan 地震, 地動
Luoyang 地動
Wanrong 地動
Zhengzhou 地動
Xi'an 地震, 地動
Yinchuan 地震
Lanzhou 地震, 地動
Xining 地震, 地牛搖頭
Ürümqi 地動
Wuhan 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Chengdu 地震, 地動
Guiyang 地震, 地動
Kunming 地震, 鱷魚翻身
Guilin 地震
Liuzhou 地震
Xuzhou 地震, 地動
Yangzhou 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Nanjing 地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼睛
Hefei 地震
Nantong 地震, 地動
Qimen (Anling Junhua) 鰲魚翻身
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 地動
Kokang 地動, 鰲魚翻身
Mae Salong (Lancang) 地震, 地動
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 地震
Cantonese Guangzhou 地震
Hong Kong 地震
Yangjiang 地震
Gan Nanchang 地震
Pingxiang 地震, 孽龍轉身
Hakka Meixian 地震, 天地轉側
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 地震
Wuhua (Huacheng) 地轉側
Wuhua (Changbu) 地震, 地轉側
Wuhua (Mianyang) 地震
Jiexi 地牛轉肩
Luhe 地牛轉肩
Changting 鰲魚翻身
Yongding 地轉側
Yongding (Xiayang) 地動
Yongding (Gaobei) 地震
Yongding (Hukeng) 地震
Liancheng (Peitian) 鰲魚轉側, 地震
Liancheng (Juxi) 地震
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 地震
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 地震, 地動
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 地動
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 地動
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 地動
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 地動
Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) 地動
Bobai (Longtan) 地震
Pontianak (Meixian) 地動
Bangkok (Meixian) 天轉側
Bangkok (Fengshun) 地牛轉肩
Huizhou Shexian 地震
Qimen (Anling Minhua) 鰲魚翻身, 地震
Jin Taiyuan 地震, 地動
Xinzhou 地動
Linhe 地震, 地動
Jining 地搖
Hohhot 地震, 地動
Zhangjiakou 地震
Handan 地震, 地動
Min Bei Jian'ou 地震, 地牛反肩
Min Dong Fuzhou 地震, 地牛轉肩
Gutian 地震, 地牛車轉身 dated
Min Nan Xiamen 地動
Xiamen (Tong'an) 地動
Quanzhou 地動, 地牛翻身
Zhangzhou 地動, 地牛翻身
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 地動
Zhangpu 地動
Dongshan 地牛過肩, 地顫 rural
Taipei 地動
New Taipei (Sanxia) 地牛翻身, 地動
Kaohsiung 地動, 塗牛翻身
Yilan 地牛翻身, 地動
Changhua (Lukang) 地動
Taichung 地動, 地牛翻身
Tainan 地動, 塗牛翻身
Hsinchu 地動, 地牛翻身
Kinmen 地動, 地牛翻身
Penghu (Magong) 地動, 地牛翻身
Penang (Hokkien) 地動, 地顫
Manila (Hokkien) 地動
Chaozhou 地震
Shantou 地震
Jieyang 地牛換肩
Haifeng 地牛翻身
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 地震
Wu Shanghai 地震, 地動
Suzhou 地震
Wenzhou 地震, 地藏王轉肩
Xiang Changsha 地震
Shuangfeng 地震

Verb[edit]

地震

  1. (impersonal) to have an earthquake
    臺灣地震了。／台湾地震了。  ―  Táiwān dìzhèn le.  ―  There was an earthquake in Taiwan.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (地震):

Others:

See also[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
地 震
じ
Grade: 2 		しん
Grade: S
goon

/di t͡ɕin/ → /d͡ʑiɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese compound 地震 (MC diɪH t͡ɕiɪnH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

地(じ)震(しん) • (jishin) ←ぢしん (disin)?

  1. earthquake
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
See also

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
地 震
Grade: 2 Grade: S
irregular

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /nai/

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 土 (na, combining apophonic form of ni, "earth, soil") + 居 (wi, modern i), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 居る (iru, “to be”, of animate objects).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Irregular reading)

Noun[edit]

地震(ない) • (nai) ←なゐ (nawi)?

  1. (obsolete) an earthquake
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 94)
      於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰(おみのこのやふのしばかきしたとよみ)那為(なゐ)我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳(がよりこばやれむしばかき) [Man'yōgana]
      臣(おみ)の子(こ)の八符(やふ)の柴垣(しばかき)下動(したとよ)み地(なゐ)が震(よ)り来(こ)ば破(や)れむ柴垣(しばかき) [Modern spelling]
      omi no ko no yafu no shibakaki shita-toyomi nai ga yorikoba yaremu shibakaki
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    • 1212, Hōjōki[3]
      また、同(おな)じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大(おほ)地震(なゐ)ふること侍(さぶら)き。[...]　恐(おそ)れのなかに恐(おそ)るべかりけるは、只(ただ)地震(なゐ)なりけりとこそ覺(おぼ)え侍(じ)しか。[...]　よのつね、驚(おどろ)くほどの地震(なゐ)、二(に)三(さん)十(じふ)度(ど)ふらぬ日(ひ)はなし。
      Mata, onaji koro ka to yo, obi-tatashiku ō-nai furu koto saburaki. ...osore no naka ni osoru-bekarikeru wa, tada nai narikeri to koso oboe-ji shi ka. ...yo no tsune, odoroku-hodo no nai, ni-san-jūdo furanu hi wa nashi.
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
地 震
Grade: 2 Grade: S
irregular

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /naje/ → /nae/

Appears in the Nippo Jisho.

Shift from nai, historical nawi (see above).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Irregular reading)

Noun[edit]

地震(なえ) • (nae) 

  1. (obsolete) an earthquake
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 455)[4]
      Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震.Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ^ Nishio, Minoro (1212) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, published 1957, →ISBN
  4. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

Korean[edit]

Hanja in this term
地震

Noun[edit]

地震 • (jijin) (hangeul 지진)

  1. Hanja form? of 지진 (“earthquake”).

Related terms[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Hán tự in this term
地震

Noun[edit]

地震

  1. chữ Hán form of địa chấn (“earthquake”).
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