個人

See also: 个人

Chinese

		(a measure word); individual	man; person; people
trad. (個人)		個	人
simp. (个人)		个	人

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gèrén

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): go³ jan⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ke-ngìn

  (Hailu, HRS): gai^ˇ ngin

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor⁴ zing²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kò-lîn / kò-jîn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): go⁶ ring⁵ / go⁶ rêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ku-gnin; ⁵ku-zen; ⁷keq-gnin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gèrén
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gèrén
    • Wade–Giles: ko⁴-jên²
    • Yale: gè-rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gehren
    • Palladius: гэжэнь (gɛžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 個人 / 个人 各人

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: go³ jan⁴
    • Yale: go yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: go³ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: go³ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔː³³ jɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ke-ngìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ge ngin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ge⁴ ngin²
    • Sinological IPA: /ke⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gai^ˇ ngin
    • Sinological IPA: /kai¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kor⁴ zing² [Phonetic: kor⁴ ling²]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍-cíng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ⁴² ^(t͡s-)liŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kor⁴ zing² [Phonetic: kor¹ ling²]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)liŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò-lîn
    • Tâi-lô: kò-lîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koirliin
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ko⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /ko²¹⁻⁴² lin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ko¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò-jîn
    • Tâi-lô: kò-jîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koirjiin
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: go⁶ ring⁵ / go⁶ rêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŏ jîng / kŏ jêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/, /ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/

Note: go6 rêng5 - Jieyang.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ku-gnin; ⁵ku-zen; ⁷keq-gnin
    • MiniDict: ku^去 nyin; ku^去 zen; keh^入 nyin
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku-nyin; ²ku-zen; ⁴keq-nyin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/, /ku³³ zən⁴⁴/, /kəʔ³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

Adjective

個人

1. (attributive) personal

   個人數據／个人数据  ―  gèrén shùjù  ―  personal data

   請保管好個人物品。 [MSC, trad.]
   请保管好个人物品。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qǐng bǎoguǎn hǎo gèrén wùpǐn. [Pinyin]

   Please do not leave your personal belongings unattended.

   她總是有意無意問起他個人感情經歷。 [MSC, trad.]
   她总是有意无意问起他个人感情经历。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā zǒngshì yǒuyìwúyì wèn qǐ tā gèrén gǎnqíng jīnglì. [Pinyin]

   She often asks him about his past relationships in subtle ways.

Derived terms

• 個人主義 / 个人主义 (gèrén zhǔyì)
• 個人化 / 个人化 (gèrénhuà)
• 個人崇拜 / 个人崇拜 (gèrén chóngbài)
• 個人所得稅 / 个人所得税 (gèrén suǒdéshuì)
• 個人數碼助理 / 个人数码助理 (gèrén shùmǎ zhùlǐ)
• 個人照 / 个人照 (gèrénzhào)
• 個人英雄主義 / 个人英雄主义 (gèrén yīngxióng zhǔyì)
• 個人衛生 / 个人卫生 (gèrén wèishēng)

Noun

個人

1. individual (person)

Pronoun

個人

1. I; me; my; oneself; myself

Synonyms

edit

• 各人 (gèrén) (dialectal)
• 本人 (běnrén)
• 本身 (běnshēn) (usually of objects and concepts)
• 本身人 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 現人 / 现人 (Hokkien)
• 自個 / 自个 (zìgě) (colloquial)
• 自家 (zìjiā) (literary or dialectal)
• 自己 (zìjǐ)
• 自我 (zìwǒ)
• 自身 (zìshēn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (個人):

• → Japanese: 個(こ)人(じん) (kojin)
• → Korean: 개인(個人) (gaein)
• → Vietnamese: cá nhân (個人)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
個	人
こ Grade: 5	じん Grade: 1
kan'yōon	kan'on

Etymology

Short for 一(いっ)個(こ)人(じん) (ikkojin) or 各(かく)個(こ)人(じん) (kakukojin), from 一(いっ)個(こ)の人(ひと) (ikko no hito), a calque of English individual.

Listed in the 1912 work 英独仏和哲学字彙 (Ei-Doku-Futsu-Wa Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of English, German, and French Philosophical Terms”) as a translation of English individual.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こじん [kóꜜjìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ʑĩɴ]

Noun

個(こ)人(じん) • (kojin) ^{←こじん (kozin)?}

1. individual

Derived terms

• 個(こ)人(じん)営(えい)業(ぎょう) (kojin eigyō)
• 個(こ)人(じん)企(き)業(ぎょう) (kojin kigyō)
• 個(こ)人(じん)競(きょう)技(ぎ) (kojin kyōgi)
• 個(こ)人(じん)教(きょう)授(じゅ) (kojin kyōju)
• 個(こ)人(じん)空(くう)間(かん) (kojin kūkan)
• 個(こ)人(じん)経(けい)営(えい) (kojin keiei)
• 個(こ)人(じん)語(ご) (kojingo)
• 個(こ)人(じん)差(さ) (kojinsa)
• 個(こ)人(じん)再(さい)生(せい) (kojin saisei)
• 個(こ)人(じん)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (kojin shugi)
• 個(こ)人(じん)情(じょう)報(ほう) (kojin jōhō)
• 個(こ)人(じん)心(しん)理(り)学(がく) (kojin shinrigaku)
• 個(こ)人(じん)葬(そう) (kojinsō)
• 個(こ)人(じん)通(つう)報(ほう) (kojin tsūhō)
• 個(こ)人(じん)手(て)形(がた) (kojin tegata)
• 個(こ)人(じん)的(てき) (kojinteki)
• 個(こ)人(じん)輸(ゆ)入(にゅう) (kojin yunyū)
• 個(こ)人(じん)倫(りん)理(り) (kojin rinri)

References

• “個人”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
個	人

Noun

個人 • (gaein) (hangeul 개인)

1. hanja form^? of 개인 (“individual”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
個	人

Adjective

個人

1. chữ Hán form of cá nhân (“individual, personal”)

Noun

個人

1. chữ Hán form of cá nhân (“individual”)