personal

See also: Personal and personál

English

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for personal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)

Alternative forms

• personall (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”), equivalent to person +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː.sən.əl/, /ˈpɜːs.nəl/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜɹ.sən.əl/, /ˈpɜɹs.nəl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: per‧son‧al, perso‧nal

Adjective

personal (comparative more personal, superlative most personal)

1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.
2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general

   personal question;   personal desire

   Her song was her personal look at the values of friendship.

   You can't read my diary - it is personal.

3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal.

   personal charms

   • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

     The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. […] Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?

4. Done in person; without the intervention of another.

   a personal interview;   personal settings

   • '2011, Bob Nelson, ‎Peter Economy, Consulting For Dummies

     Although you miss the nonverbal cues that you pick up in a personal meeting, you can call far more clients in a day than you can meet with in person.

5. Relating to an individual, their character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner

   personal reflections or remarks

6. (grammar) Denoting a person.

   a personal pronoun

Usage notes

Not to be confused with personnel (“employees, staff”).

Synonyms

• personly

Derived terms

Terms derived from personal

• personal capital
• personal fiduciary

• personal lubricant

• personal trainer

Related terms

Terms etymologically related to personal

• personnel

• personality

• personally

Translations

pertaining to human beings

• Finnish: inhimillinen (fi)
• Ido: homala (io)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: personrelatert, menneskelig (no)

of or pertaining to a particular person

• Arabic: شَخْصِيّ‎ (šaḵṣiyy)
• Bashkir: шәхси (šäxsi)
• Catalan: personal (ca)
• Cebuano: personal
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 私人的 (zh) (sīrén de)

• Czech: osobní (cs)
• Danish: personlig (da)
• Dutch: persoonlijk (nl)
• Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi)
• French: personnel (fr)
• Galician: persoal
• German: persönlich (de)
• Hungarian: személyi (hu)
• Ido: personala (io)
• Irish: pearsanta
• Italian: personale (it)
• Japanese: 個人の (こじんの, kojin no)

• Korean: 개인의 (gaein-ui)
• Kurdish:

  Sorani: تایبه‌تی‎ (ku) (tAybati)

• Latin: proprius (la)
• Macedonian: личен (ličen)
• Maori: whaiaro
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: personlig (no)

  Nynorsk: personleg

• Polish: osobisty (pl), personalny (pl)
• Portuguese: pessoal (pt)
• Russian: ли́чный (ru) (líčnyj), персона́льный (ru) (personálʹnyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: pearsanta
• Spanish: personal (es)
• Swedish: personlig (sv)
• Tagalog: pansarili, personal (tl)
• Thai: ส่วนตัว (sùuan-dtuua)
• Turkish: kişisel (tr), özel (tr), zatî (tr), şahsi (tr)

pertaining to the external or bodily appearance

• Catalan: corporal (ca)
• Czech: osobní (cs)
• Finnish: fyysinen (fi), ruumiillinen (fi)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: personlig (no)

• Scottish Gaelic: pearsanta

done in person

• Bashkir: шәхси (šäxsi)
• Catalan: personal (ca)
• Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi), omakohtainen (fi)
• French: en personne (fr)

• Maori: ā-tinana
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: personlig (no)

relating to an individual in an invidious and offensive manner

• Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: personlig (no)

grammar: denoting person

• Belarusian: асабо́вы (asabóvy)
• Bulgarian: ли́чен (bg) (líčen)
• Catalan: personal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 人稱 (zh), 人称 (zh) (rénchēng)

• Finnish: persoona- (fi)
• French: personnel (fr)

• German: Personal- (de)
• Hungarian: személyes (hu)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: personlig (no)

• Polish: osobowy (pl)
• Russian: ли́чный (ru) (líčnyj)
• Ukrainian: особо́вий (osobóvyj)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} persona (eo)

• Telugu: వ్యక్తిగతమైన (vyaktigatamaina) (2, 5)

Further reading

• personal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Noun

personal (plural personals)

1. An advertisement by which individuals attempt to meet others with similar interests.
2. A movable; a chattel.

Translations

advertisement

• Finnish: henkilökohtaista -ilmoitus
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: personligannonse m

movable

• Finnish: irtain (fi); irtaimisto (fi) (one's movables as a whole)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: løsøre n

Anagrams

• psoralen

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Catalan

Etymology

From Late Latin persōnālis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /pəɾ.soˈnal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /pər.suˈnal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /peɾ.soˈnal/

Adjective

personal (masculine and feminine plural personals)

1. personal

   Antonym: impersonal

Derived terms

• personalitzar
• personalment
• unipersonal

Related terms

• impersonal
• persona
• personalitat

Further reading

• “personal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “personal” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “personal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “personal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Cebuano

Etymology

English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal

Adjective

personal

1. of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general

Quotations

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:personal.

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Interlingua

Adjective

personal (comparative plus personal, superlative le plus personal)

1. personal

Noun

personal (uncountable)

1. staff, personnel

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Ladin

Adjective

personal m (feminine singular personala, masculine plural personai, feminine plural personales)

1. personal

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Spanish

Etymology

From Late Latin persōnālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /persoˈnal/

• Audio (Mexico)

  (file)

Adjective

personal (plural personales)

1. personal

   Antonym: impersonal

Derived terms

• personalmente
• unipersonal

Noun

personal m (plural personales)

1. personnel, staff

Related terms

• impersonal
• persona
• personalidad

Further reading

• “personal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɛʂʊnˈɑːl]

Noun

personal c

1. staff (employees of a business)