punya

Baba Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Malay punya.

Particle

punya

1. possessive particle

   gua punya ruma. ― My house (literally, “I have house.”)

Synonyms

• mia

References

• Lee, Nala H. (2022), “punya”, in A Grammar of Modern Baba Malay, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 354

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay punya. First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. Possibly a back-formation from empunya.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲa/ [ˈpu.ɲa]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɲa
• Syllabification: pu‧nya

Verb

punya (active punya, passive dipunya)

1. (transitive) to have, own

   Saya punya kamus baru.

   I have a new dictionary.

Preposition

punya

1. (colloquial) of, belonging to

   Dia punya anak sudah di sekolah.

   His child is already in school.

Derived terms

• berpunya
• kepunyaan
• punyai
• punyakan

Further reading

• “punya”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Clipping of empunya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpuña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Compare Tagalog impó (“grandmother”).

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (punyā) in the form [script needed] (punyāña).

In the sense of possessive/genitive particle, semantic loan from Hokkien 的 (ê).

Pronunciation

• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲə/ [ˈpu.ɲə]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

• (Baku) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲa/ [ˈpu.ɲa]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɲa, -a
• Hyphenation: pu‧nya

Noun

punya (Jawi spelling ڤوڽا, uncountable)

1. Someone who owns a certain thing; an owner.

   Synonyms: pemunya, pemilik, empunya, tuan, yang punya, tuan punya

2. Something that is owned; a possession.

   Synonyms: kepunyaan, hak, milik

   rumah punya Adam ― house that is Adam's possession

Particle

punya (Jawi spelling ڤوڽا, alternative form nya)

1. (informal) Used to indicate possession, similar to English 's.

   Adam punya buku ― Adam's book

Usage notes

• The more formal way to indicate possession in Malay is by placing the possessed object in front of the possessor, so that, to say "Adam's book", instead of saying "Adam punya buku", one just says "buku Adam".

Verb

punya (Jawi spelling ڤوڽا)

1. To have.

   Synonyms: punyai, ada

   Saya punya enam buku.

   I have six books.

2. To own.

   Synonym: punyai

   Saya punya dua buah rumah.

   I own two houses.

3. (spoken) Emphasizes a word that is repeated.

Affixations

• berpunya
• kepunyaan
• pemunya
• punyai
• punyakan (archaic)
• sepunya

Descendants

• Ambonese Malay: pung
• Indonesian: punya
• Kupang Malay: pung
• Manado Malay: pe
• North Moluccan Malay: pi
• Papuan Malay: pu

Further reading

• “punya”, in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu [Malay Literary Reference Centre] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Old Khmer

Noun

punya

1. Latin script form of បុន្យ, alternative spelling of បុណ្យ (puṇya, “merit”)