恕

恕 U+6055, 恕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6055 ← 恔 [U+6054] CJK Unified Ideographs 恖 → [U+6056]

Translingual

Han character

恕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女口心 (VRP), four-corner 4633₀, composition ⿱如心)

Derived characters

• 𫉅

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10560
• Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6055

Chinese

trad.		恕
simp. #		恕
alternative forms		㣽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
拿	*rnaː
拏	*rnaː
詉	*rnaː
蒘	*rnaː, *na
笯	*rnaː, *naː, *naːs
挐	*rnaː, *na
絮	*rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
呶	*rnaːw
怓	*rnaːw
帑	*n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
奴	*naː
砮	*naː, *naːʔ
駑	*naː
孥	*naː
努	*naːʔ
弩	*naːʔ
怒	*naːʔ, *naːs
袽	*na
帤	*na
女	*naʔ, *nas
籹	*naʔ
恕	*hnjas
如	*nja, *njas
茹	*nja, *njaʔ, *njas
洳	*nja, *njas
鴽	*nja
蕠	*nja
汝	*njaʔ
肗	*njaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hnjas) : phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): su
• Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sù / sìr / sì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): su³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴
    • Yale: shù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: syu³
    • Yale: syu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su
    • Hakka Romanization System: su
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /su⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /søy²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
    • Tâi-lô: sù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sux
    • IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
    • Tâi-lô: sìr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
    • Tâi-lô: sì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: six
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: su³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: syoH

Rime
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	商署切
Baxter	syoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭoH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥a-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hnjas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shù
Middle Chinese	‹ syoH ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥a-s/
English	indulgent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
No.	9622
Phonetic component	女
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恕
Old Chinese	/*hnjas/

Definitions

恕

1. to show consideration for others; to put oneself in someone's shoes

   • 子貢問曰：「有一言而可以終身行之者乎？」子曰：「其恕乎！己所不欲，勿施於人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子贡问曰：「有一言而可以终身行之者乎？」子曰：「其恕乎！己所不欲，勿施于人。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐgòng wèn yuē: “Yǒu yī yán ér kě yǐ zhōngshēn xíng zhī zhě hū?” Zǐ yuē: “Qí shù hū! Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén.” [Pinyin]

     Zi Gong asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not RECIPROCITY / EMPATHY such a word? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."

2. to forgive; to pardon; to show mercy

   饒恕／饶恕  ―  ráoshù  ―  to forgive; to pardon

3. excuse me

   恕我直言  ―  shùwǒzhíyán  ―  Excuse me for speaking bluntly.

   六歲以下兒童恕不招待。 [MSC, trad.]
   六岁以下儿童恕不招待。 [MSC, simp.]

   Liù suì yǐxià értóng shù bù zhāodài. [Pinyin]

   Children six and below will not be received, excuse us.

Compounds

• 乞恕 (qǐshù)
• 仁恕
• 宥恕
• 容恕 (róngshù)
• 寬恕／宽恕 (kuānshù)
• 忠恕 (zhōngshù)
• 恕宥 (shùyòu)
• 恕己及人
• 恕己及物
• 恕罪 (shùzuì)
• 恕道 (shùdào)
• 情恕理遣
• 明恕
• 郭忠恕
• 饒恕／饶恕 (ráoshù)

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01349
• “恕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Query for 恕”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
• Lippiello, Tiziana. (2010). “A Confucian Adage for Life: Empathy (Shu) in the Analects.” In Light a Candle: Encounters and Friendship with China. Festschrift in Honour of Angelo Lazzarotto P.I.M.E., edited by Roman Malek S.V.D. and Gianni Criveller. Sankt Augustin: Monumenta Serica.

Japanese

Kanji

恕

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しょ (sho)
• Kan-on: しょ (sho)
• Kan’yō-on: じょ (jo)
• Kun: おもいやる (omoiyaru, 恕る); ゆるす (yurusu, 恕す)

Derived terms

• 恕(じょ)する (josuru): to forgive; to pardon; to excuse

Korean

Hanja

恕 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恕: Hán Việt readings: thứ
恕: Nôm readings: thứ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation