職業

See also: 职业

Chinese

		office; duty	business; occupation; study
trad. (職業)		職	業
simp. (职业)		职	业

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhíyè

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹ jip⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt-ngia̍p
• Eastern Min (BUC): cék-ngiĕk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chit-gia̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêh⁴ ghiag⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷tseq-gniq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhíyè
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhyè
    • Wade–Giles: chih²-yeh⁴
    • Yale: jŕ-yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyryeh
    • Palladius: чжие (čžije)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zik¹ jip⁶
    • Yale: jīk yihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷ jip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig¹ yib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵ jiːp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt-ngia̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziid` ngiab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵ ngiab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚² ŋi̯ap̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cék-ngiĕk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋieʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-gia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: tsit-gia̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: citgiap
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zêh⁴ ghiag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh giak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seʔ²⁻⁴ ɡiak̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷tseq-gniq
    • MiniDict: tseh^入 nyih
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq-nyiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyik ngjaep

Rime
Character	職	業
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	蒸 (134)	嚴 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之翼切	魚怯切
Baxter	tsyik	ngjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨk̚/	/ŋɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨk̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiek̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cik̚/	/ŋɨap̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiək̚/	/ŋiap̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭək̚/	/ŋĭɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ək̚/	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik1	jip6

Noun

職業

1. occupation; profession; career; vocation (Classifier: 個／个 m; 種／种 m)

   職業前景／职业前景  ―  zhíyè qiánjǐng  ―  career prospects

   職業健康安全／职业健康安全  ―  zhíyè jiànkāng ānquán  ―  occupational health and safety

   這四種職業很危險，膽子小的人，根本幹不了。 [MSC, trad.]
   这四种职业很危险，胆子小的人，根本干不了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè sì zhǒng zhíyè hěn wēixiǎn, dǎnzǐ xiǎo de rén, gēnběn gàn bù liǎo. [Pinyin]

   These four occupations are very dangerous and not for the faint-hearted.

Usage notes

It is not customary in Chinese to distinguish between a profession and a professional title or role, as is the case in English. Consider the following example:

他的職業是醫生。 [MSC, trad.]
他的职业是医生。 [MSC, simp.]

Tā de zhíyè shì yīshēng. [Pinyin]

He is a doctor by profession. (lit. "His profession is doctor.")

It is also common to count being a student as an occupation.

他的職業是學生。 [MSC, trad.]
他的职业是学生。 [MSC, simp.]

Tā de zhíyè shì xuéshēng. [Pinyin]

He is a student. (lit. "His occupation is student.")

Synonyms

• 事業／事业 (shìyè)
• 事由 (shìyóu) (colloquial)
• 本業／本业 (běnyè)
• 行業／行业 (hángyè)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 職業 (“job; occupation; profession”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		職, 業
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		職業, 工作
Mandarin	Taiwan	工作
	Singapore	工, 工作
Cantonese	Guangzhou	工
	Hong Kong	工
	Singapore (Guangfu)	工
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	頭路
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	頭路
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	頭路
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	頭路
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	頭路
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頭路
Southern Min	Xiamen	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Quanzhou	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Jinjiang	頭路
	Zhangzhou	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Taipei	頭路
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	頭路, 職業
	Kaohsiung	工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
	Yilan	工課, 頭路, 職業
	Changhua (Lukang)	工課, 頭路, 職業
	Taichung	頭路, 工課, 穡頭
	Tainan	工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
	Hsinchu	頭路, 工課
	Kinmen	頭路, 工課
	Penghu (Magong)	工課
	Penang (Hokkien)	工課, 工
	Singapore (Hokkien)	工, 頭路, 工課
	Manila (Hokkien)	頭路
	Jieyang	工課
	Singapore (Teochew)	工, 工課
	Singapore (Hainanese)	工
Wu	Shanghai	工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively
	Shanghai (Chongming)	生活, 營生
	Suzhou	行當
	Danyang	生活
	Ningbo	生活, 行當
	Wenzhou	行當
	Jinhua	行當, 事幹, 生活
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Adjective

職業

1. (attributive) professional; occupational; vocational; not amateur

   職業玩家／职业玩家  ―  zhíyè wánjiā  ―  professional player

Synonyms

• 敬業／敬业 (jìngyè)
• 專業／专业 (zhuānyè)

Derived terms

• 擇業／择业 (zéyè)
• 職棒／职棒 (zhíbàng)
• 職業介紹所／职业介绍所 (zhíyè jièshàosuǒ)
• 職業化／职业化
• 職業培訓／职业培训
• 職業大學／职业大学
• 職業學校／职业学校 (zhíyè xuéxiào)
• 職業教育／职业教育
• 職業病／职业病 (zhíyèbìng)
• 職業裝／职业装
• 職業道德／职业道德
• 職業高中／职业高中 (zhíyè gāozhōng)
• 自由職業／自由职业 (zìyóu zhíyè)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (職業):

• → Japanese: 職業(しょくぎょう) (shokugyō)
• → Korean: 직업(職業) (jigeop)
• → Vietnamese: chức nghiệp (職業)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
職	業
しょく Grade: 5	ぎょう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょく​ぎょー [shòkúꜜgyòò] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝɡʲo̞ː]

Noun

職(しょく)業(ぎょう) • (shokugyō) ^{←しよくげふ (syokugefu)?}

1. occupation, trade, profession, business

Korean

Hanja in this term
職	業

Noun

職業 • (jigeop) (hangeul 직업)

1. Hanja form^? of 직업 (“job, work, occupation, vocation, profession, trade”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
職	業

Noun

職業

1. chữ Hán form of chức nghiệp (“career, profession”).