立つ
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 立 |
| た Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese.[1] First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *tatu.
Doublet of 建つ (tatsu), 勃つ (tatsu, “to have an erection”), 発つ (tatsu, “to depart”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 立つ
| Plain | 立つ | たつ | [táꜜtsù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 立って | たって | [táꜜttè] |
| Perfective | 立った | たった | [táꜜttà] |
| Negative | 立たない | たたない | [tàtáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 立たなかった | たたなかった | [tàtáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 立てば | たてば | [táꜜtèbà] |
| Past conditional | 立ったら | たったら | [táꜜttàrà] |
| Imperative | 立て | たて | [táꜜtè] |
| Volitional | 立とう | たとー | [tàtóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 立ちたい | たちたい | [tàchítáꜜì] |
| Formal | 立ちます | たちます | [tàchímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 立ちません | たちません | [tàchímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 立ちましょう | たちましょー | [tàchímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 立ちました | たちました | [tàchímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 立ち 立ちに |
たち たちに |
[táꜜchì] [táꜜchì nì] |
| Negative continuative | 立たず 立たずに |
たたず たたずに |
[tàtáꜜzù] [tàtáꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 立たれる | たたれる | [tàtáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 立たせる 立たす |
たたせる たたす |
[tàtáséꜜrù] [tàtáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 立てる | たてる | [tàtéꜜrù] |
Verb
[edit]立つ • (tatsu) intransitive godan (stem 立ち (tachi), past 立った (tatta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 立てる |
| mediopassive | 立つ |
- to stand, to stand up, to rise
- to depart
- 地球を発つ ― chikyū o tatsu ― to depart from Earth
- 起つ: to start or set out on a deliberate course of action
- to close
- (of something physical but not solid or liquid) to be released, to rise
- to stick into; to penetrate
- 矢が的に立つ ― ya ga mato ni tatsu ― the arrow sticks in the target
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 立た | たた | tata |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 立ち | たち | tachi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 立つ | たつ | tatsu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 立つ | たつ | tatsu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 立て | たて | tate |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 立て | たて | tate |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 立たれる | たたれる | tatareru |
| Causative | 立たせる 立たす |
たたせる たたす |
tataseru tatasu |
| Potential | 立てる | たてる | tateru |
| Volitional | 立とう | たとう | tatō |
| Negative | 立たない | たたない | tatanai |
| Negative continuative | 立たず | たたず | tatazu |
| Formal | 立ちます | たちます | tachimasu |
| Perfective | 立った | たった | tatta |
| Conjunctive | 立って | たって | tatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 立てば | たてば | tateba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 立た | たた | tata |
| Continuative (連用形) | 立ち | たち | tati |
| Terminal (終止形) | 立つ | たつ | tatu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 立つ | たつ | tatu |
| Realis (已然形) | 立て | たて | tate |
| Imperative (命令形) | 立て | たて | tate |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 立たず | たたず | tatazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 立てど | たてど | tatedo |
| Causal conjunction | 立てば | たてば | tateba |
| Conditional conjunction | 立たば | たたば | tataba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 立ちき | たちき | tatiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 立ちけり | たちけり | tatikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 立ちつ | たちつ | tatitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 立ちぬ | たちぬ | tatinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 立てり 立ちたり |
たてり たちたり |
tateri tatitari |
| Volitional | 立たむ | たたむ | tatamu |
Derived terms
[edit]- 熱り立つ (ikiritatsu)
- 石に立つ矢 (ishi ni tatsu ya)
- 腕が立つ (ude ga tatsu)
- 生い立つ (oitatsu)
- 押し立つ (oshitatsu)
- おっ立つ (ottatsu)
- 白羽の矢が立つ (shiraha no ya ga tatsu)
- 背負って立つ (shotte tatsu)
- 峙つ (sobadatsu)
- 突っ立つ (tsuttatsu)
- 歯が立つ (ha ga tatsu)
- 腹が立つ (hara ga tatsu)
- 肥立つ (hidatsu)
- 人目に立つ (hitome ni tatsu)
- 節立つ (fushidatsu)
- フラグが立つ (furagu ga tatsu)
- 目途が立つ (medo ga tatsu)
- 目に立つ (me ni tatsu)
- 矢面に立つ (yaomote ni tatsu)
- 八雲立つ (yakumo tatsu)
- 我が立つ杣 (waga tatsu soma)
References
[edit]- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese tat-”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (2016), NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 [New NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “立つ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 立 read as た
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese doublets
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -tsu
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms with usage examples