杖

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杖 U+6756, 杖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6756
← 杕
[U+6755] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 杗 →
[U+6757]

杖 U+FA94, 杖
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA94
← 望
[U+FA93] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 歹 →
[U+FA95]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

杖 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木十大 (DJK), four-corner 45900, composition ⿰木丈)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 512, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14469
  • Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1159, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6756

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 杖
alternative forms 𨥅

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (丈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丈 *daŋʔ
杖 *daŋʔ
仗 *daŋʔ, *daŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *daŋʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ).

Etymology[edit]

Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely.

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ.

A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • thn̄g/thňg - vernacular;
  • tiōng/tiǒng/tiāng - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 杖
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直兩切
    Baxter drjangX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨɐŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖiɐŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡiɑŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖɨaŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡiaŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭaŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯aŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zoeng6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 杖
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjangX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m-[t]raŋʔ/
    English stick (Sagart & Ma, 2020)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 杖
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16837
    Phonetic
    component         		丈
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		丈
    Old
    Chinese         		/*daŋʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    杖

    1. walking stick
    2. staff; rod; cane; wand
    3. (historical) flogging with a stick
    4. † to flog (a prisoner)
    5. † to support; to prop
    6. † to hold; to grasp
    7. † Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”)
    8. (Min Dong) Classifier for segments of sugarcane.

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Mongolian: зан (zan), ᠵᠠᠩ (ǰaŋ)
    • → Manchu: ᠵᠠᠩ (jang)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    杖

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    杖
    つえ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    ⟨tuwe⟩ → /tuwe/ → /t͡suwe/ → /t͡suje/ → /t͡sue/

    From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    杖(つえ) • (tsue) ←つゑ (twe)?

    1. staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand
      • 2000 March 1, “古(こ)代(だい)魔(ま)導(どう)士(し)”, in BOOSTER 7, Konami:
        数(かず)多(おお)くの杖(つえ)を持(も)ち、それぞれを使(つか)い分(わ)け多(た)彩(さい)な攻(こう)撃(げき)をする。
        Kazuōku no tsue o mochi, sorezore o tsukaiwake tasai na kōgeki o suru.
        He wields an array of wands, each of which is used for a distinctive attack.
    2. something one leans on, a support
    3. a cane used for corporal punishment
    4. a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge
      Synonym: 粥杖 (kayuzue)
    5. the stem of a pear
    6. (historical) a traditional unit of length
      1. (historical) approximately 3 meters
      2. (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters
    7. (historical) a traditional unit of area
      1. (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
    Usage notes[edit]

    The Japanese term tsue can refer generally to a stick or staff of various lengths, as expressed by the range of English meanings apparent in the senses above.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    杖
    じょう
    Jinmeiyō
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 杖 (MC drjangX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    杖(じょう) • (jō) ←ぢやう (dyau)?

    1. a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”)
    2. (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment
    3. (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 804), text here
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    杖: Hán Nôm readings: trượng, rường

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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