弦

See also: 絃

Translingual

Han character

弦 (radical 57 弓+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓卜女戈 (NYVI), four-corner 1023₂, composition ⿰弓玄)

1. string
2. string (of a bowed instrument)
3. hypotenuse, crescent, chord

References

• KangXi: page 357, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9754
• Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 993, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5F26

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Chinese

trad.		弦/絃
simp.		弦

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xián (xian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴, jyun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hièn / hiàn
• Min Nan (POJ): hiân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xián
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hsien²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin⁴, jyun⁴
    • Yale: yìhn, yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴, jyn⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: hienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
    • IPA: /hi̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: hianˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
    • IPA: /hi̯an¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân
    • Tâi-lô: hiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hieen
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 弦
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ 彈～子 /ɕyɛ̃n⁵³/ 續～
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕyan³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyen²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕyĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕye̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕye³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵn⁴⁵/ 三～
Hakka	Meixian	/hian¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/hien¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin²¹/
	Nanning	/jin²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hian³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xyiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hĩ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin³¹/ /i³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦen/▼

Rime
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡田切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn/
Li Rong	/ɣen/
Wang Li	/ɣien/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤi[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːn/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hen ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˤi[n]/
English	string of bow or instrument
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
No.	14020
Phonetic component	玄
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	賢
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːn/

Noun

弦

1. string on a musical instrument

Compounds

• 口弦 (kǒuxián)
• 單弦／单弦 (dānxián)
• 三弦 (sānxián)
• 弦仔

References

• (Cantonese) Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

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Japanese

Kanji

弦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: げん (gen)
• Kan’on: けん (ken)
• Kun: つる (tsuru)

Compounds

• 管弦楽
• 弦歌
• 三弦

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Korean

Hanja

弦 • ‎(hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune-Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

弦 (huyền)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.