弦

See also: 絃

弦	U+5F26, 弦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F26

← 弥
[U+5F25]

CJK Unified Ideographs

弧 →
[U+5F27]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

弦 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓卜女戈 (NYVI), four-corner 1023₂, composition ⿰弓玄)

Derived characters[edit]

娹㡉惤㭹誸𨧻婱

References[edit]

KangXi: page 357, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9754
Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 993, character 7
Unihan data for U+5F26

Chinese[edit]

trad.		弦/絃^*
simp.		弦
alternative forms		⿰弓𤣥𢎺𢏸

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
弦	*ɡeːn
絃	ɡeːn, qʰʷeːn
舷	*ɡeːn
痃	*ɡeːn
胘	ɡeːn, ɡʷeːn
蚿	*ɡeːn
伭	*ɡeːn
婱	*ɡeːn
玄	*ɡʷeːn
眩	ɡʷeːn, ɡʷeːn
玹	ɡʷeːn, ɡʷeːn
玆	*ɡʷeːn
詃	*kʷeːn
泫	*ɡʷeːn
鉉	*ɡʷeːn
炫	*ɡʷeːn
袨	*ɡʷeːn
衒	*ɡʷeːn
惤	*ɡʷreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡeːn): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xián, xuán (xian², xuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ, ㄒㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴, jyun⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hièn / hiàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian²
Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̌ing
Min Dong (BUC): hièng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): hin⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sián
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Yale: syán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiánr
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siánr
  - Wade–Giles: hsianrh²
  - Yale: syánr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyal
  - Palladius: сяnр (sjanr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑɻ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, nonstandard variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuán
  - Wade–Giles: hsüan²
  - Yale: sywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuan
  - Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁴, jyun⁴
  - Yale: yìhn, yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴, jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴, yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/

Note: jyun4 - variant.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian²
  - Sinological IPA: /çian¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̌ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân
  - Tâi-lô: hiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hin⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hîⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 弦
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ 彈～子 /ɕyɛ̃n⁵³/ 續～
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕyan³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyen²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕyĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕye̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕye³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵn⁴⁵/ 三～
Hakka	Meixian	/hian¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hien¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin²¹/
	Nanning	/jin²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hian³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xyiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hĩ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin³¹/ /i³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦen/

Rime
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡田切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn/
Li Rong	/ɣen/
Wang Li	/ɣien/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hen ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁi[n]/
English	string of bow or instrument
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
No.	14020
Phonetic component	玄
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	賢
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːn/

Definitions[edit]

弦

string; bowstring
crescent
spring of a clock
(music) string on a musical instrument
(music) stringed instruments or music played by stringed instruments
(mathematics) chord
(geometry) hypotenuse
(figuratively) wife
a surname

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 弦

一弦琴
七弦琴
三和弦 (sānhéxián)
三弦 (sānxián)
上弦 (shàngxián)
下弦
主和弦
二十五弦
二弦 (èrxián)
佩弦
公弦
六弦琴 (liùxiánqín)
初弦 (chūxián)
口弦 (kǒuxián)
叩人心弦
合弦
和弦 (héxián)
四弦琴 (sìxiánqín)
大三弦
如箭在弦
子弦
定弦
弓弦 (gōngxián)
弦仔
弦切角
弦吹
弦外之意
弦外之音 (xiánwàizhīyīn)
弦子 (xiánzi)
弦心距
弦月 (xiányuè)

弦柱
弦歌 (xiángē)
弦面板
心弦 (xīnxián)
扣人心弦 (kòurénxīnxián)
拉弦子
控弦 (kòngxián)
揉弦 (róuxián)
朱弦玉磬
正弦 (zhèngxián)
武城弦歌
琴弦 (qínxián)
矢在弦上
空弦落雁
管弦 (guǎnxián)
箭在弦上
素女弦
繁弦急管
老弦
舜弦
鼓吹弦
三弦書／三弦书
佩韋佩弦／佩韦佩弦
動人心弦／动人心弦 (dòngrénxīnxián)
品竹調弦／品竹调弦
單弦／单弦 (dānxián)
單弦拉戲／单弦拉戏
單弦說唱／单弦说唱
弦不虛發／弦不虚发
弦樂／弦乐 (xiányuè)
弦樂器／弦乐器 (xiányuèqì)

References[edit]

“弦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

弦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

bowstring
(geometry) chord

Readings[edit]

Go-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kun: つる (tsuru, 弦, Jōyō)

Compounds[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

弓(ゆみ) (yumi): a yumi

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
弦
げん Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) げん [géꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun[edit]

弦(げん) • (gen)

(music) string of a stringed instrument

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
弦
つる Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) つる [tsùrúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) つる [tsúꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun[edit]

弦(つる) • (tsuru)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

弦 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)

bowstring

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

弦: Hán Nôm readings: huyền

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

弦

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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