弦

See also: 絃

弦	U+5F26, 弦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F26

← 弥
[U+5F25]

CJK Unified Ideographs

弧 →
[U+5F27]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

弦 (radical 57, 弓+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓卜女戈 (NYVI), four-corner 1023₂, composition ⿰弓玄)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 357, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9754
Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 993, character 7
Unihan data for U+5F26

Chinese[edit]

trad.		弦/絃
simp.		弦

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
弦	*ɡeːn
絃	ɡeːn, qʰʷeːn
舷	*ɡeːn
痃	*ɡeːn
胘	ɡeːn, ɡʷeːn
蚿	*ɡeːn
伭	*ɡeːn
婱	*ɡeːn
玄	*ɡʷeːn
眩	ɡʷeːn, ɡʷeːn
玹	ɡʷeːn, ɡʷeːn
玆	*ɡʷeːn
詃	*kʷeːn
泫	*ɡʷeːn
鉉	*ɡʷeːn
炫	*ɡʷeːn
袨	*ɡʷeːn
衒	*ɡʷeːn
惤	*ɡʷreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡeːn): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xián, xuán (xian², xuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ, ㄒㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴, jyun⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hièn / hiàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian²
Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̌ing
Min Dong (BUC): hièng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): hin⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiánr
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊㄦ
  - Wade–Giles: hsianrh²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyal
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑɻ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsüan²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuan
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁴, jyun⁴
  - Yale: yìhn, yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴, jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴, yun⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/

Note: jyun4 - variant.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
  - IPA: /hi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian²
  - IPA: /hi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian²
  - IPA: /çian¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̌ing
  - IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hièng
  - IPA ^(key): /hieŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân
  - Tâi-lô: hiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hin⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hîⁿ
  - IPA ^(key): /hĩ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 弦
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ 彈～子 /ɕyɛ̃n⁵³/ 續～
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕyan³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyen²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕyĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕye̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕye³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵn⁴⁵/ 三～
Hakka	Meixian	/hian¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hien¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin²¹/
	Nanning	/jin²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hian³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xyiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hĩ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin³¹/ /i³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦen/▼

Rime
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡田切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn/
Li Rong	/ɣen/
Wang Li	/ɣien/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hen ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁi[n]/
English	string of bow or instrument
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弦
Reading #	1/1
No.	14020
Phonetic component	玄
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	賢
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːn/

Definitions[edit]

弦

string
crescent
spring of a clock
(music) string on a musical instrument
(music) stringed instruments or music played by stringed instruments
(mathematics) chord
(geometry) hypotenuse
(figuratively) wife
A surname.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 弦

References[edit]

“弦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kun: つる (tsuru, 弦, Jōyō)

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

弦 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

弦 (huyền)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

弦

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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