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Chinese [ edit ]
to incur, to cause
decision, judgment
trad. (引決 )
引
決
simp. (引决 )
引
决
Literally: “to settle the matter”.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Rime
Character
引
引
決
Reading #
1/2
2/2
2/2
Initial (聲 )
以 (36)
以 (36)
見 (28)
Final (韻 )
眞 (43)
眞 (43)
屑 (88)
Tone (調 )
Rising (X)
Departing (H)
Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合 )
Open
Open
Closed
Division (等 )
III
III
IV
Fanqie
余 忍 切
羊 晉 切
古 穴 切
Baxter
yinX
yinH
kwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang
/jiɪnX /
/jiɪnH /
/kwet̚ /
Pan Wuyun
/jinX /
/jinH /
/kʷet̚ /
Shao Rongfen
/jenX /
/jenH /
/kuɛt̚ /
Edwin Pulleyblank
/jinX /
/jinH /
/kwɛt̚ /
Li Rong
/iĕnX /
/iĕnH /
/kuet̚ /
Wang Li
/jĭĕnX /
/jĭĕnH /
/kiwet̚ /
Bernard Karlgren
/i̯ĕnX /
/i̯ĕnH /
/kiwet̚ /
Expected Mandarin Reflex
yǐn
yìn
jue
Expected Cantonese Reflex
jan5
jan6
gyut3
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
引
引
決
Reading #
1/2
2/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
yǐn
yǐn
jué
Middle Chinese
‹ yinX ›
‹ yinH ›
‹ kwet ›
Old Chinese
/*li[n]ʔ/
/*li[n]ʔ-s/
/*[k]ʷˁet/
English
draw the bow
draw the bow
open; decide
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
引
引
決
Reading #
1/2
2/2
1/2
No.
15306
15312
4416
Phonetic component
引
引
夬
Rime group
眞
眞
月
Rime subdivision
1
1
2
Corresponding MC rime
引
𦙍
玦
Old Chinese
/*linʔ/
/*lins/
/*kʷeːd/
引決
( Classical ) to kill oneself; to die by suicide
及 罪 至 罔 加 ,不能 引決 自裁 ,在 塵埃 之中 ,古今 一 體 ,安 在 其 不 辱 也 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 及 罪 至 罔 加 ,不能 引决 自裁 ,在 尘埃 之中 ,古今 一 体 ,安 在 其 不 辱 也 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Sima Qian , Letter to Ren An. 1st century BCE . Translated by Burton Watson .Jí zuì zhì wǎng jiā, bùnéng yǐnjué zìcái, zài chén'āi zhīzhōng, gǔjīn yī tǐ, ān zài qí bù rǔ yě. [Pinyin] But when they were accused of crimes and sentences were passed on them, there were not one who could settle the matter with his own hands by committing suicide. In the dust and filth of bondage, it has ever been the same, past and present.
( Classical ) to adjudicate ; to rule ; to return