爻

爻 U+723B, 爻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-723B ← 爺 [U+723A] CJK Unified Ideographs 爼 → [U+723C]

⽘ U+2F58, ⽘ KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X ← ⽗ [U+2F57] Kangxi Radicals ⽙ → [U+2F59]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

爻 (Kangxi radical 89, 爻+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大大 (KK), four-corner 4040₀, composition ⿱㐅乂)

1. Kangxi radical #89, ⽘.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/爻
• 㤊, 𣏠, 䂚, 䋂, 覐, 訤, 𨈠, 䡈, 𨟿, 𩉤, 𩎔, 駁(驳), 𩨟, 𩵲
• 𠛄, 𢺽, 𢼂, 𤿓, 𧠔, 𩑛, 𩾾, 𡥈, 𢁫, 𢂞, 𥾥, 䒝, 𥤹, 笅, 𩬃, 棥, 𦥯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19737
• Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 34, character 4
• Unihan data for U+723B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爻
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
崤	*ɢaːw, *ɢraːw
郩	*qaːwʔ
敎	*kraːw, *kraːws
較	*kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ
肴	*ɢraːw
淆	*ɢraːw
倄	*ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
爻	*ɢraːw
餚	*ɢraːw
殽	*ɢraːw
笅	*ɢraːw
駁	*praːwɢ

Pictogram (象形): 乂 + 乂 – 2 stacked ‘X’ marks. Some possible explanations exist:

• two couples of yarrow stalks to perform divinations (see also 學 and 覺)
• two couples of bamboo slips to perform calculations (see also 算 and perhaps both 學 and 覺)
• two marks to mean "crossing" (compare 交) or two marks with a general meaning (see 駁)

Similar but most likely unrelated to the original form of 五.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		爻

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yáo (yao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâu / ngâu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
    • Wade–Giles: yao²
    • Yale: yáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngaau⁴
    • Yale: ngàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ieu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâu
    • Tâi-lô: hâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hau¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
    • Tâi-lô: ngâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋãu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãu¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: haew

Rime
Character	爻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡茅切
Baxter	haew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨw/
Li Rong	/ɣau/
Wang Li	/ɣau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤraw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢraːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爻	爻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yáo	yáo
Middle Chinese	‹ hæw ›	‹ hæw ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˁraw/	/*N-kˁraw/
English	change; hexagram	change; hexagram
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爻
Reading #	1/1
No.	14649
Phonetic component	爻
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	肴
Old Chinese	/*ɢraːw/

Definitions

爻

1. a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines; a hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

• 六爻
• 卦爻
• 陰爻 / 阴爻 (yīnyáo)
• 陽爻 / 阳爻 (yángyáo)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		爻

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gâu

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâu
    • Tâi-lô: gâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gaau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡau²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡau¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡau²³/

Definitions

爻

1. (Southern Min) Alternative form of 𠢕
   • 2020, “上水的輪迴”, 方文良 [Neil Fang] (lyrics)‎^[1]performed by 黃妃 [Huang Fei], 王瑞霞 [Anna Wang], and 秀蘭瑪雅 [Showlen Maya]:

     緣份是爻斷的線 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     缘份是爻断的线 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     iân-hūn sī gâu tn̄g ê sòaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     Fate is an easily broken string

References

• “爻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Query for 爻”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

爻

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: まじわる (majiwaru, 爻わる)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
爻
こう Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 爻 (MC haew).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

爻(こう) • (kō) 

1. yao, horizontal line in an I Ching trigram

Korean

Hanja

爻 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

爻: Hán Nôm readings: hào, loài

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.