gair

See also: Gair, gàir, and gáir

Irish

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish gairid, from Old Irish gairid, from Proto-Celtic *garyeti (compare Middle Welsh gardu (“groan”), geir (“word”)), from *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

Alternative forms

• goir

Pronunciation

• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɡeɾʲ/, /ɡɞɾʲ/, /ɡɨɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡiɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)

Verb

gair (present analytic gaireann, future analytic gairfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairthe)

1. to call [transitive; or intransitive with ar]
2. (literary) to invoke
3. to acclaim

Conjugation

Conjugation of gair (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	gairim	gaireann tú; gairir†	gaireann sé, sí	gairimid; gaireann muid	gaireann sibh	gaireann siad; gairid†	a ghaireann; a ghaireas	gairtear
past	ghair mé; ghaireas	ghair tú; ghairis	ghair sé, sí	ghaireamar; ghair muid	ghair sibh; ghaireabhair	ghair siad; ghaireadar	a ghair	gaireadh
past habitual	ghairinn / gairinn‡	ghairteá / gairteá‡	ghaireadh sé, sí / gaireadh sé, sí‡	ghairimis; ghaireadh muid / gairimis‡; gaireadh muid‡	ghaireadh sibh / gaireadh sibh‡	ghairidís; ghaireadh siad / gairidís‡; gaireadh siad‡	a ghaireadh	ghairtí / gairtí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gairfidh mé; gairfead	gairfidh tú; gairfir†	gairfidh sé, sí	gairfimid; gairfidh muid	gairfidh sibh	gairfidh siad; gairfid†	a ghairfidh; a ghairfeas	gairfear
conditional	ghairfinn / gairfinn‡	ghairfeá / gairfeá‡	ghairfeadh sé, sí / gairfeadh sé, sí‡	ghairfimis; ghairfeadh muid / gairfimis‡; gairfeadh muid‡	ghairfeadh sibh / gairfeadh sibh‡	ghairfidís; ghairfeadh siad / gairfidís‡; gairfeadh siad‡	a ghairfeadh	ghairfí / gairfí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go ngaire mé; go ngairead†	go ngaire tú; go ngairir†	go ngaire sé, sí	go ngairimid; go ngaire muid	go ngaire sibh	go ngaire siad; go ngairid†	—	go ngairtear
past	dá ngairinn	dá ngairteá	dá ngaireadh sé, sí	dá ngairimis; dá ngaireadh muid	dá ngaireadh sibh	dá ngairidís; dá ngaireadh siad	—	dá ngairtí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	gairim	gair	gaireadh sé, sí	gairimis	gairigí; gairidh†	gairidís	—	gairtear
past participle	gairthe
verbal noun	gairm

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

• Alternative past participles: gartha

Alternative forms

• gairm

Derived terms

• aisghair (“abrogate; repeal”, transitive verb)
• gair ar (“call upon, summon, invoke”)
• gair de (“name, proclaim, inaugurate”)

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “gair”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaɾʲ/

Adjective

gair

2. inflection of gar:
   1. masculine vocative/genitive singular
   2. (archaic) feminine dative singular

Noun

gair m

1. genitive singular of gar

Mutation

Mutated forms of gair

radical	lenition	eclipsis
gair	ghair	ngair

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Manx

Adjective

gair

1. eclipsed form of cair

Noun

gair f

1. eclipsed form of cair

Mutation

Mutation of cair

radical	lenition	eclipsis
cair	chair	gair

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scots

Alternative forms

• gare, gear, gehr, gayro, geyr, geyro

Etymology

Compare to English gore (third sense).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡeːr/
• (Orkney) IPA^(key): /ˈɡair.(o)/

Noun

gair (plural gairs)

1. (archaic) a strip of grass on a hillside, especially bright green and fertile grass

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡai̯r/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ai̯r

Noun

gair m (plural geiriau or geirau)

1. word

Derived terms

• gair am air (“word for word”)
• geirfa (“glossary, vocabulary”)
• geiriadur (“dictionary”)
• geirio (“to word, to articulate”)
• geiriog (“wordy, verbose”)

Compounds

• adleisair (“onomatopoeia”)
• ansoddair (“adjective”)
• ar air (“by word of mouth, orally”)
• benthycair (“loanword”)
• cyfansoddair (“compound”)
• cymysgair (“blend, hybrid word”)
• cysylltair (“conjunction”)
• ebychair (“interjection”)
• estronair (“foreign word”)
• gogwyddair (“enclitic”)
• grymusair (“intensive”)
• mwythair (“euphemism”)
• newyddair (“neologism”)
• prifair (“headword”)
• tarddair (“derivative”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of gair

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gair	air	ngair	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “gair”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “gair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies