geir

See also: Geir and géir

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈceiːr]
• Rhymes: -eiːr

  Homophone: Geir

Noun

geir m (genitive singular geirs, nominative plural geirar)

1. spear

Declension

Declension of geir (masculine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	geir	geirinn	geirar	geirarnir
accusative	geir	geirinn	geira	geirana
dative	geir, geiri	geirnum	geirum	geirunum
genitive	geirs	geirsins	geira	geiranna

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish geir, from Old Irish geir, from Proto-Celtic *gʷerets (whence Welsh gwêr), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“heat”) or *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɟeɾʲ/

Noun

geir f (genitive singular geire or gearach or geireadh, nominative plural geireacha)

1. tallow, suet

Declension

As second-declension noun:

Declension of geir (second declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative geir geireacha vocative a gheir a gheireacha genitive g{{{3}}} geireacha dative geir geireacha forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an gheir na geireacha genitive na g{{{3}}} na ngeireacha dative leis an ngeir don gheir leis na geireacha

As fifth-declension velar stem:

Declension of geir (fifth declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative geir vocative a gheir genitive gearach dative geir geirigh (archaic, dialectal) forms with the definite article singular nominative an gheir genitive na gearach dative leis an ngeir leis an ngeirigh (archaic, dialectal) don gheir don gheirigh (archaic, dialectal)

As fifth-declension dental stem (the oldest form):

Declension of geir (fifth declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative geir vocative a gheir genitive geireadh dative geir geiridh (archaic, dialectal) forms with the definite article singular nominative an gheir genitive na geireadh dative leis an ngeir leis an ngeiridh (archaic, dialectal) don gheir don gheiridh (archaic, dialectal)

Mutation

Mutated forms of geir

radical	lenition	eclipsis
geir	gheir	ngeir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• “geir”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “geir”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 359
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “geir”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle Welsh

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairid (“to call”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡei̯r/

Noun

geir m (geireu)

1. word, saying

   For quotations using this term, see Citations:geir.

Derived terms

• un geir

Descendants

• Welsh: gair

Etymology 2

Preposition

geir

1. alternative form of gyr (“by”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of geir

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
geir	eir	geir pronounced with /ŋ-/	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognates include Irish ga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛɪːr/

Noun

geir m (definite singular geiren, indefinite plural geirar, definite plural geirane)

1. (archaic or historical) a spear
2. (fishing) a leister, a kind of fishing spear

   Synonym: lyster

3. (ichthyology) a small mackerel

   Synonym: pir

Derived terms

• atgeir
• geirfalk
• geirfugl
• geirskaft
• geirsodd
• horngeir

Related terms

Male given names:

• Almgeir
• Alvgeir
• Arngeir
• Audgeir
• Bengeir
• Borggeir
• Dalgeir
• Eddgeir
• Falgeir
• Finngeir
• Fjallgeir
• Fridgeir
• Geir
• Geirald, Geiralde
• Geiralv
• Geirbjørn
• Geirbrand
• Geirdjarv
• Geire
• Geirfast
• Geirfinn
• Geirfrød, Geirrød
• Geirhjelm
• Geirkvat
• Geirlak
• Geirleik
• Geirleiv
• Geirljot
• Geirmar
• Geirmund, Geirmunde
• Geirnjot
• Geirolv, Geirulv
• Geirrek, Geirrik
• Geirstein
• Geirtjov
• Geirtor
• Geirtorn
• Geirvald
• Geirvar
• Geirve
• Geirvid
• Hallgeir
• Hergeir
• Holmgeir
• Hungeir
• Jargeir
• Jodgeir
• Jogeir
• Jolgeir
• Mungeir
• Nevgeir
• Oddgeir
• Rodgeir
• Rotgeir
• Rådgeir
• Siggeir
• Styrgeir
• Sundgeir
• Sveingeir
• Tinggeir
• Tjodgeir
• Torgeir
• Ulvgeir
• Vadgeir
• Vegeir
• Vestgeir
• Vilgeir
• Vitgeir
• Åsgeir, Æsgeir, Asgeir

Female given names:

• Geira
• Geirbjørg
• Geirdis
• Geirfrid, Geirrid
• Geirheid
• Geirhild
• Geirlaug
• Geirny
• Geirrun
• Geirtora
• Geirtrud
• Geirunn
• Geirvor

References

• “geir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• Geir, grei, regi

Old French

Alternative forms

• gehir, geihir

Etymology

Frankish *jehhjan, from Proto-Germanic *jehaną (“to say, to speak”)

Verb

geïr

1. to admit (to concede to be true)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group or second-group verb (ending in -ir, without or with an -iss- infix). This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has a stressed present stem gei distinct from the unstressed stem ge. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of geir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		geir			aveir geï
gerund		en geant, geïssant			gerund of aveir + past participle
present participle		geant, geïssant
past participle		geï
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	gei, geïs	geis, geïs	geit, geïst	geons, geïssons	geïez, geïssez	geient, geïssent
	imperfect	geeie, geïsseie	geeies, geïsseies	geeit, geïsseit	geïiens, geïens, geïssiiens, geïssiens	geïiez, geïez, geïssiiez, geïssiez	geeient, geïsseient
	preterite	geï	geïs	geï	geïmes	geïstes	geïrent
	future	geïrai	geïras	geïra	geïrons	geïreiz, geïrez	geïront
	conditional	geïreie	geïreies	geïreit	geïriiens, geïriens	geïriiez, geïriez	geïreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of aveir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of aveir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of aveir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of aveir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of aveir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	geie, geïsse	geies, geïsses	geie, geïsse	geïens, geons, geïssons	geïez, geïssez	geient, geïssent
	imperfect	geïsse	geïsses	geïst	geïssons, geïssiens	geïsseiz, geïssez, geïssiez	geïssent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of aveir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	gei, geïs	—	geons, geïssons	geïez, geïssez	—

Derived terms

• gehine, geïne

Descendants

• Middle French: gehir

References

• “geir”, in Anglo-Norman Dictionary, 2nd edition, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: Aberystwyth University, 2001–2026.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gʷerets.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡʲeɾʲ/

Noun

geir f

1. tallow, animal fat

Inflection

Feminine t-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	geir	—	—
vocative	geir	—	—
accusative	geiridN	—	—
genitive	geired	—	—
dative	geiridL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: geir
  • Irish: geir
  • Manx: geirr

Mutation

Mutation of geir

radical	lenition	nasalization
geir	geir pronounced with /ɣʲ-/	ngeir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 geir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɛir/
• Rhymes: -ɛir

Noun

geir m

1. accusative singular indefinite of geirr

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡei̯r/

Noun

geir

1. soft mutation of ceir

Verb

geir

1. soft mutation of ceir

Mutation

Mutated forms of ceir

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ceir	geir	ngheir	cheir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.