gha

See also: GHA, -ghá, and -ghą́

Translingual

Symbol

gha

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Ghadames.
global hectare

Ahtna

Etymology 1

Demonstrative

gha

there, at that place

Derived terms

ghaduʼ (“right there”)
ghane, ghayene (“those people”)
ghanen (“that person”)
ghani (“that thing”)
ghat, ghatgu (“there, over there”)
ghayeduʼ (“right there”)
ghayet (“that place”)

References

Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 208

Etymology 2

Compare Lower Tanana ghw (“in relation to”).

Postposition

gha

in relation to, about, concerning
ngha natsʼidaetlʼ ― we came back to you (literally, “we returned in relation to you”)

yakenaes ― he/she is talking about it

ba ghestnaa ― I am working on it
by, in the vicinity of
kanʼ gha nesdaa ― she got married (literally, “she sat down by a husband”)
to
John gha nsyaa ― I went to John
from
for
gigi ts'unbaex xayde hwgha ― we pick berries for winter
on
sa daztsaan ― he/she died on me
in order to

Usage notes

When unstressed, the initial /ɣ/ may reduce to /s/, /p/, or /j/ and attach to the following verb; thus, sa cʼildzes and sacʼidzes both mean 'dance for me.'

Derived terms

gha- (“about”)
ghadaaʼa (“downriver from”)
-ghakʼaay (“mountain ridge”)
-ghakʼaedi (“willable property”)
ghatgge (“between”)
ghaʼaa (“out in the open from”)

References

Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 207-208

Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣa(h)/

Noun

gha m

lenited form of ga

Lower Tanana

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣeˑ, and therefore cognate with Ahtna ghae, Navajo -YĮ́.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣæ/, /ʁæ/

Root

gha

to carry on the back, pack

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Momentaneous	ghayh	ghanh	ghaɬ	ghaɬ
Perambulative	ghayh	ghanh	—	—
Progressive	ghaɬ	—	—	—
Conclusive	ghaɬ	ghaɬ	ghaɬ	ghaɬ

Derived terms

ghaɬ (“to bundle up”)
t'oɬghaga (“tree swallow”)
xaɬ (“pack”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣeˑ, and therefore cognate with Ahtna ghae, Navajo -GHĄ́Ą́ʼ (“to kill plural objects”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣæ/, /ʁæ/

Root

gha

to kill a singular object

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Conclusive	gha	ghanh	ghaɬ	ghaɬ
Customary	ghayh	ghayh	ghayh	ghayh

Etymology 3

From Proto-Athabaskan *x̣eˑ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣæ/, /ʁæ/

Noun

gha (possessed form gha')

grease

Root

gha

to be greasy

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Neuter	ghanh	gha'	—	—
Transitional	ghayh	gha'	ghiɬ	—

Derived terms

leghanh (“it is greasy”)
toghelgha' (“the water surface is glassy”)
yigha' (“marrow”)

References

Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 197

References

Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 195-196

South Slavey

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɣà(ʔ)]
Hyphenation: gha

Postposition

gha

for

References

Keren Rice (1989), A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 19

Western Apache

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɢɑx̣.

Noun

gha

jackrabbit

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Tibetan ཝ (wa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɣɑ~ʁɑ]

Noun

gha

fox

References

Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008), Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
Erika Sandman (2016), A Grammar of Wutun‎^[1], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN