orthography

English

Etymology

From Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, and their source, Latin orthographia, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía), from ὀρθός (orthós, “correct”) and γράφω (gráphō, “write”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɔːˈθɒɡ.ɹə.fi/
• (US) enPR: ôrthäʹgrəfē, IPA^(key): /ɔɹˈθɑɡ.ɹə.fi/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: or‧thog‧ra‧phy

Noun

orthography (countable and uncountable, plural orthographies)

1. The study of correct spelling according to established usage.
2. The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words.
3. Spelling; the method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols.
4. (architecture) Orthographic projection; especially its use to draw an elevation, vertical projection etc. of a building.

Quotations

• For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:orthography.

Synonyms

• spelling

Derived terms

Derived terms

• orthographer
• orthographic
• orthographical

• orthographically
• orthographist

Translations

study of correct spelling

• Albanian: ortografi (sq) f
• Arabic: عِلْم اَلْإِمْلَاء‎‎ m (ʿilm al-ʾimlāʾ), هِجَاء‎‎ m (hijāʾ), تَهْجِئَة‎‎ f (tahjiʾa), إِمْلَاء‎‎ m (ʾimlāʾ)
• Armenian: ուղղագրություն (hy) (ułłagrutʿyun)
• Azerbaijani: orfoqrafiya (az), imla
• Belarusian: пра́вапіс m (právapis), арфагра́фія f (arfahráfija)
• Bulgarian: правопи́с (bg) m (pravopís), ортогра́фия (bg) f (ortográfija)
• Burmese: စာလုံးပေါင်းသတ်ပုံ (my) (calum:paung:satpum)
• Cebuano: ortograpiya
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 正字法 (zh) (zhèngzìfǎ), 拼字 (zh) (pīnzì), 拼寫法 (zh), 拼写法 (zh) (pīnxiěfǎ), 正詞法, 正词法 (zhèngcífǎ), 拼寫 (zh), 拼写 (zh) (pīnxiě), 寫法 (zh), 写法 (zh) (xiěfǎ)

• Czech: pravopis m
• Danish: ortografi c, retskrivning c
• Dutch: spelling (nl) f
• Estonian: ortograafia
• Faroese: rættskriving f
• Finnish: ortografia (fi), oikeinkirjoitusoppi
• French: orthographe (fr) f
• Galician: ortografía (gl) f
• Georgian: მართლწერა (martlc̣era), ორთოგრაფია (ka) (ortograpia)
• German: Orthografie (de) f, Rechtschreibung (de) f
• Greek: ορθογραφία (el) f (orthografía)
• Hebrew: אוֹרתוֹגְרָפִיָה‎‎
• Hindi: इमला (hi) (imlā)
• Hungarian: helyesírás (hu)
• Icelandic: réttritun (is) f
• Indonesian: ortografi (id)
• Irish: ortagrafaíocht f
• Japanese: 正字法 (せいじほう, seijihō), 綴り (つづり, tsuzuri), 文字綴り (moji-tsuzuri), 正書法 (ja) (せいしよほう, seishohō), オーソグラフィー (ōsogurafī), スペリング (superingu), スペル (superu), 綴り字 (つづりじ, tsudzuriji)
• Kazakh: орфография (orfografïya), емле (emle)
• Khmer: អក្ខរាវិរុទ្ធ (ʾakkhaʾraavirut)
• Korean: 맞춤법 (ko) (matchumbeop), 철자법 (ko) (cheoljabeop)
• Kurdish:

  Kurmanji: imla (ku), vekît (ku)

• Kyrgyz: орфография (orfografiya)
• Lao: ອັກຂະລະວິທີ (’ak kha la wi thī)
• Latvian: ortogrāfija f, pareizrakstība f
• Lithuanian: ortografija f
• Macedonian: правопис m (pravopis), ортографија f (ortografija)
• Malay: ejaan, ortografi, eja
• Mongolian: зөв бичих зүй (zöv bičih züj)
• Pashto: املا‎‎ (ps) f (emlã), ليکدود‎‎ m (likdód)
• Persian: املا‎‎ (fa) (emlâ)
• Polish: ortografia (pl) f, pisownia (pl) f
• Portuguese: ortografia (pt) f
• Romanian: ortografie (ro) f
• Russian: орфогра́фия (ru) f (orfográfija), правописа́ние (ru) n (pravopisánije), спе́ллинг m (spɛ́lling) (of English)
• Scottish Gaelic: litreachadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пра̏вопӣс m, ортогра̀фија f

  Roman: prȁvopīs (sh) m, ortogràfija (sh) f

• Slovak: pravopis m
• Slovene: pravopís (sl)
• Spanish: ortografía (es) f
• Swahili: tahajia, otografia
• Swedish: rättstavning (sv) c, ortografi (sv) c
• Tagalog: palabaybayan
• Tajik: имло (imlo)
• Thai: อักขรวิธี (th) (àk-kà-rà-wí-tii)
• Turkish: ortografi, yazım (tr), imla (tr)
• Ukrainian: право́пис (uk) m (pravópys), орфогра́фія (uk) f (orfohráfija)
• Urdu: املا‎‎ (ur) (imlā)
• Uyghur: ئىملا‎‎ (imla), ئورفوگرافىيە‎‎ (orfografiye)
• Uzbek: orfografiya (uz), imlo (uz)
• Vietnamese: chính tả, phép chính tả
• Yiddish: אָרטאָגראַפֿיע‎‎ f (ortografye)

aspect of language study

• Armenian: ուղղագրություն (hy) (ułłagrutʿyun)
• Cebuano: ortograpiya
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Danish: ortografi c, retskrivning c
• Dutch: spelling (nl) f
• Finnish: ortografia (fi), oikeinkirjoitusoppi
• French: orthographe (fr) f
• Galician: ortografía (gl) f
• Georgian: მართლწერა (martlc̣era), ორთოგრაფია (ka) (ortograpia)
• Greek: ορθογραφία (el) f (orthografía)
• Irish: ortagrafaíocht f

• Latvian: ortogrāfija f, pareizrakstība f
• Macedonian: правопис m (pravopis), ортографија f (ortografija)
• Polish: ortografia (pl) f
• Portuguese: ortografia (pt) f
• Russian: орфогра́фия (ru) f (orfográfija), правописа́ние (ru) n (pravopisánije), спе́ллинг m (spɛ́lling) (of English)
• Scottish Gaelic: litreachadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пра̏вопӣ m, ортогра̀фија f

  Roman: prȁvopīs (sh) m, ortogràfija (sh) f

• Spanish: ortografía (es) f
• Swedish: ortografi (sv) c

method of representing a language by written symbols

• Albanian: drejtshkrim (sq) m
• Armenian: ուղղագրություն (hy) (ułłagrutʿyun)
• Burmese: ရေးထုံး (my) (re:htum:), စာလုံးပေါင်း (my) (calum:paung:), အသတ် (my) (a.sat)
• Cebuano: ortograpiya
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 正写法 (zhèngxiěfǎ)

• Danish: ortografi c, retskrivning c
• Dutch: spelling (nl) f
• Finnish: oikeinkirjoitus (fi), oikeinkirjoitusjärjestelmä
• French: orthographe (fr) f
• Galician: ortografía (gl) f
• Georgian: ორთოგრაფია (ka) (ortograpia), მართლწერა (martlc̣era)

• Irish: ortagrafaíocht f
• Latvian: ortogrāfija
• Macedonian: правопис m (právopis), ортографија f (ortográfija)
• Polish: ortografia (pl) f
• Portuguese: ortografia (pt) f
• Russian: орфогра́фия (ru) f (orfográfija)
• Scottish Gaelic: litreachadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пра̏вопӣ m, ортогра̀фија f

  Roman: prȁvopīs (sh) m, ortogràfija (sh) f

• Spanish: ortografía (es) f
• Thai: อักขรวิธี (th) (àk-kà-rà-wí-tii)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} ortografio

• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} orthographia