ὀρθός

See also: ορθός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ortʰwós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (“upright”). Cognate with Latin arduus, Sanskrit ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá). It is possible that the term could also relate to Mycenaean Greek [script needed] (o-two-we-o).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /or.tʰós/ → /orˈθos/ → /orˈθos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /or.tʰós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /orˈtʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /orˈθos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /orˈθos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /orˈθos/

Adjective

ὀρθός • (orthós) m (feminine ὀρθή, neuter ὀρθόν); first/second declension

1. straight, upright, erect

   Antonym: καμψός (kampsós)

2. straight forward, in a straight line
3. unharmed, safe
4. prosperous
5. attentive, expecting
6. right, just, righteous, upright
7. true, correct, genuine, exact
8. decent
9. (geometry) right angle
10. (grammar) nominative

Inflection

First and second declension of ὀρθός; ὀρθή; ὀρθόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ὀρθός orthós	ὀρθή orthḗ	ὀρθόν orthón		ὀρθώ orthṓ	ὀρθᾱ́ orthā́	ὀρθώ orthṓ		ὀρθοί orthoí	ὀρθαί orthaí	ὀρθᾰ́ orthắ
Genitive		ὀρθοῦ orthoû	ὀρθῆς orthês	ὀρθοῦ orthoû		ὀρθοῖν orthoîn	ὀρθαῖν orthaîn	ὀρθοῖν orthoîn		ὀρθῶν orthôn	ὀρθῶν orthôn	ὀρθῶν orthôn
Dative		ὀρθῷ orthōî	ὀρθῇ orthēî	ὀρθῷ orthōî		ὀρθοῖν orthoîn	ὀρθαῖν orthaîn	ὀρθοῖν orthoîn		ὀρθοῖς orthoîs	ὀρθαῖς orthaîs	ὀρθοῖς orthoîs
Accusative		ὀρθόν orthón	ὀρθήν orthḗn	ὀρθόν orthón		ὀρθώ orthṓ	ὀρθᾱ́ orthā́	ὀρθώ orthṓ		ὀρθούς orthoús	ὀρθᾱ́ς orthā́s	ὀρθᾰ́ orthắ
Vocative		ὀρθέ orthé	ὀρθή orthḗ	ὀρθόν orthón		ὀρθώ orthṓ	ὀρθᾱ́ orthā́	ὀρθώ orthṓ		ὀρθοί orthoí	ὀρθαί orthaí	ὀρθᾰ́ orthắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ὀρθῶς orthôs				ὀρθότερος orthóteros				ὀρθότᾰτος orthótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ὄρθιος (órthios)
• ὀρθογώνιος (orthogṓnios)
• ὀρθοδίκαιος (orthodíkaios)
• ὀρθόκραιρος (orthókrairos)

Related terms

• ὄρθρος (órthros)

Descendants

• → English: ortho-
• → Kalo Finnish Romani: hortto

Further reading

• “ὀρθός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀρθός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὀρθός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὀρθός in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὀρθός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὀρθός”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3717 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • accurate idem, page 7.
  • bristling idem, page 100.
  • correct idem, page 174.
  • direct idem, page 226.
  • dispassionate idem, page 236.
  • equitable idem, page 280.
  • erect idem, page 281.
  • even idem, page 284.
  • excited idem, page 289.
  • expectant idem, page 293.
  • expectation idem, page 293.
  • fair idem, page 302.
  • ferment idem, page 315.
  • honest idem, page 404.
  • impartial idem, page 419.
  • just idem, page 466.
  • lawful idem, page 480.
  • moral idem, page 540.
  • perpendicular idem, page 607.
  • qui vive idem, page 665.
  • right idem, page 714.
  • righteous idem, page 715.
  • standing idem, page 811.
  • straight idem, page 822.
  • straightforward idem, page 822.
  • suspense idem, page 845.
  • tenterhooks idem, page 862.
  • tip-toe idem, page 877.
  • true idem, page 898.
  • unbiassed idem, page 908.
  • unprejudiced idem, page 927.
  • unwarped idem, page 936.
  • upright idem, page 938.
  • veracious idem, page 948.
  • vertical idem, page 949.
• ὀρθός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011