gaz

See also: Gaz, gáz, and gaž

Albanian

Etymology

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin gaudium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡaz/

Noun

gaz m (plural gaze / gazra)

1. joy
2. laughter

Declension

Declension of gaz

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gaz	gazi	gaze	gazet
accusative		gazin
dative	gazi	gazit	gazeve	gazeve
ablative			gazesh

Related terms

• gazmend
• gëzim
• gëzoj
• gëzuar

Further reading

• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[2], 1980
• “gaz”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• Newmark, L. (1999) “gaz”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎^[3]

Crimean Tatar

Noun

gaz

1. gas

Declension

Declension of gaz

nominative	gaz
genitive	gaznıñ
dative	gazğa
accusative	gaznı
locative	gazda
ablative	gazdan

References

• Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[4], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch gas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaz/ ~ /ɡɑz/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: gaze, gazes, gazent

Noun

gaz m (plural gaz)

1. gas
2. (physics) gas
3. flatulence

Derived terms

• avoir des gaz
• bec de gaz
• chambre à gaz
• gaz à effet de serre
• gaz carbonique
• gaz de houille
• gaz de pétrole liquéfié
• gaz d'échappement
• gaz hilarant
• gaz lacrymogène
• gaz naturel
• gaz noble
• gazeux
• masque à gaz
• mettre les gaz
• turbine à gaz
• usine à gaz
• y avoir de l'eau dans le gaz

Descendants

• → Arabic: غَاز (ḡāz)
• → Greek: γκάζι (gkázi)
• → Hebrew: גז (gaz)
• → Polish: gaz, gaza (Far Masovian, Kolno, Kurpie, Suwałki, Augustów Governorate)
  • → Kashubian: gaz
• → Persian: گاز (gâz)
• → Portuguese: gás
• → Romanian: gaz
• → Russian: газ (gaz), газъ (gaz) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
  • → Kazakh: газ (gaz)
  • → Mariupol Greek: гказ (gaz)
  • → Yakut: газ (gaz)
• → Turkish: gaz

Further reading

• “gaz”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

A loanword with a debated origin:

1. Borrowed from a Slavic language.
2. Borrowed from Ossetian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɒz]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒz

Noun

gaz (plural gazok)

1. weed

   Synonym: gyom

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazok
accusative	gazt	gazokat
dative	gaznak	gazoknak
instrumental	gazzal	gazokkal
causal-final	gazért	gazokért
translative	gazzá	gazokká
terminative	gazig	gazokig
essive-formal	gazként	gazokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	gazban	gazokban
superessive	gazon	gazokon
adessive	gaznál	gazoknál
illative	gazba	gazokba
sublative	gazra	gazokra
allative	gazhoz	gazokhoz
elative	gazból	gazokból
delative	gazról	gazokról
ablative	gaztól	gazoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	gazé	gazoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	gazéi	gazokéi

Possessive forms of gaz

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	gazom	gazaim
2nd person sing.	gazod	gazaid
3rd person sing.	gaza	gazai
1st person plural	gazunk	gazaink
2nd person plural	gazotok	gazaitok
3rd person plural	gazuk	gazaik

Derived terms

• gazos

Descendants

• → Carpathian Rusyn: ґаз (gaz), ґоз (goz)
• → Pannonian Rusyn: ґаз (gaz)
• → Romanian: goz

Adjective

gaz (not generally comparable, comparative gazabb, superlative leggazabb)

1. (literary) vile, wicked, depraved, treacherous, villainous

   Synonyms: aljas, alávaló, álnok, galád, hitvány, gonosz (see also colloquial and slang synonyms under szemét)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazok
accusative	gazt	gazokat
dative	gaznak	gazoknak
instrumental	gazzal	gazokkal
causal-final	gazért	gazokért
translative	gazzá	gazokká
terminative	gazig	gazokig
essive-formal	gazként	gazokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	gazban	gazokban
superessive	gazon	gazokon
adessive	gaznál	gazoknál
illative	gazba	gazokba
sublative	gazra	gazokra
allative	gazhoz	gazokhoz
elative	gazból	gazokból
delative	gazról	gazokról
ablative	gaztól	gazoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	gazé	gazoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	gazéi	gazokéi

Derived terms

• gazság

Compound words

• gazember
• gazfickó
• gaztett

Further reading

• gaz in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• gaz in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay gaz, from Persian گز (gaz).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡaz/
• Homophone: gas
• Rhymes: -az

Noun

gaz (plural gaz-gaz)

1. (archaic) guz: A unit of length used in parts of Asia, ranging from 24 to 41 inches

Further reading

• “gaz” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish gaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: gaz

Noun

gaz m inan (related adjective gazowi)

1. (countable, chemistry) gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid; chemical element or compound in such a state)
2. (uncountable) gas (flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel)
3. (uncountable, colloquial) gas (amount of gasoline sent to the engine as controlled by the driver by means of the gas pedal)
4. (countable, colloquial) gas (gas pedal)

Declension

Declension of gaz

	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazë
genitive	gazu	gazów
dative	gazowi	gazóm
accusative	gaz	gazë
instrumental	gazã	gazama
locative	gazu	gazach
vocative	gaz/gazu	gazë

Derived terms

nouns

• gazomiérz
• gazownictwò
• gazownik
• gazowniô

verbs

• gazowac impf

Further reading

• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “gaz”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “gaz”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[5]
• “gaz”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Polish

Alternative forms

• gaza (Far Masovian, Kolno, Kurpie, Suwałki, Augustów Governorate)

Etymology

Borrowed from French gaz. First attested in the end of the 19th century. Compare Silesian gaz.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Central Greater Poland) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
  • (Southern Greater Poland) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
  • (Podlachia) IPA^(key): [ˈɡas]
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Kielce) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
  • (Western Kraków) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
  • (Lasovia) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
  • (Biecz) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
  • (Western Lublin) IPA^(key): [ˈɡas]
  • (Goral):
    • (Podhale) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: gaz

Noun

gaz m inan (diminutive gazik, related adjective gazowy)

1. (countable, chemistry) gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid; chemical element or compound in such a state)
2. (uncountable) gas (flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel)
3. (uncountable) gas (flame produced by such a fuel)
4. (countable) gas installation (something allowing the transfer and subsequent use of such a fuel)
5. (uncountable, colloquial) gas (amount of gasoline sent to the engine as controlled by the driver by means of the gas pedal)
6. (countable, colloquial) gas (gas pedal)
7. (in the plural) gass (state of having gas in digestive system)

   Synonyms: bąk, bździna, bździoch, pierd, pierdnięcie, wiatry

8. (regional or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kalisz, Southern Greater Poland, Miejska Górka, Far Masovian, Podlachia, Międzyrzec Podlaski, Tykocin, Western Kraków, Krzęcin, Kielce, Opatów County, Lasovia, Tarnobrzeg County, Biecz, Ropczyce, Western Lublin, Powiat puławski, Dębno, Podhale) paraffin, kerosene

   Synonym: nafta

   Weż no i zapal gaz, co tamój stoi na policy. (Far Masovian) ― Take and burn the kerosene that's standing on the shelf.

Declension

Declension of gaz

	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazy
genitive	gazu	gazów
dative	gazowi	gazom
accusative	gaz	gazy
instrumental	gazem	gazami
locative	gazie	gazach
vocative	gazie	gazy

Derived terms

adverbs

• gazem
• na gazie
• na pełny gaz
• na podwójnym gazie
• pełnym gazem

interjections

• gazu

nouns

• agrogaz
• biogaz
• biogazownia
• gaz cieplarniany
• gaz koksowniczy
• gaz kopalniany
• gaz łupkowy
• gaz musztardowy
• gaz pieprzowy
• gaz rozweselający
• gaz szlachetny
• gaz świetlny
• gaz ziemny
• wyższa szkoła gotowania na gazie

verbs

• gazować impf

verbs

• dać gazu pf, dawać gazu impf
• pójść do gazu pf, iść do gazu impf
• zdjąć nogę z gazu pf, zdejmować nogę z gazu impf

Related terms

adjectives

• biogazowy

nouns

• gazowość

Descendants

• → Kashubian: gaz

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), gaz is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 40 times in scientific texts, 14 times in news, 4 times in essays, 4 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 67 times, making it the 960th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• gaz in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gazy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gaz in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “gaz”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “gaz”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 810
• Jan Karłowicz (1901) “gaz”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 60

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French gaz.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -az

Noun

gaz n (plural gaze)

1. gas (state of matter)

Declension

Declension of gaz

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	gaz	gazul		gaze	gazele
genitive-dative	gaz	gazului		gaze	gazelor
vocative	gazule			gazelor

Related terms

• gazos

Further reading

• “gaz”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025

Salar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kāŕ. Compare to Turkish kaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qɑz]

Noun

gaz (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. goose

References

• 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “gaz”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎^[6], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 121
• Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “qaz”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 463
• Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “qaz”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 224
• Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “gaz”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎^[7], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 105

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gazъ, from extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷā- (“to go”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡâːz/

Noun

gȃz m (Cyrillic spelling га̑з)

1. ford, shallow place
2. draft (of a ship)

Declension

Declension of gaz

	singular	plural
nominative	gȃz	gázovi
genitive	gaza	gazova
dative	gazu	gazovima
accusative	gaz	gazove
vocative	gazu	gazovi
locative	gazu	gazovima
instrumental	gazom	gazovima

Silesian

Alternative forms

• gas

Etymology

Borrowed from German Gas. Compare Polish gaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: gaz

Noun

gaz m inan (related adjective gazowy)

1. gas (flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel)
2. paraffin, kerosene

Derived terms

nouns

• gazmaska

Further reading

• Bogdan Kallus (2020) “gaz”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 79
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “gaz”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 233

Sumerian

Romanization

gaz

1. romanization of 𒄤 (gaz)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish غاز (gaz), from French gaz, from Dutch gas.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

gaz (definite accusative gazı, plural gazlar)

1. gas
2. throttle

Declension

Declension of gaz

singular plural nominative gaz gazlar definite accusative gazı gazları dative gaza gazlara locative gazda gazlarda ablative gazdan gazlardan genitive gazın gazların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular gazım gazlarım 2nd singular gazın gazların 3rd singular gazı gazları 1st plural gazımız gazlarımız 2nd plural gazınız gazlarınız 3rd plural gazları gazları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular gazımı gazlarımı 2nd singular gazını gazlarını 3rd singular gazını gazlarını 1st plural gazımızı gazlarımızı 2nd plural gazınızı gazlarınızı 3rd plural gazlarını gazlarını dative singular plural 1st singular gazıma gazlarıma 2nd singular gazına gazlarına 3rd singular gazına gazlarına 1st plural gazımıza gazlarımıza 2nd plural gazınıza gazlarınıza 3rd plural gazlarına gazlarına locative singular plural 1st singular gazımda gazlarımda 2nd singular gazında gazlarında 3rd singular gazında gazlarında 1st plural gazımızda gazlarımızda 2nd plural gazınızda gazlarınızda 3rd plural gazlarında gazlarında ablative singular plural 1st singular gazımdan gazlarımdan 2nd singular gazından gazlarından 3rd singular gazından gazlarından 1st plural gazımızdan gazlarımızdan 2nd plural gazınızdan gazlarınızdan 3rd plural gazlarından gazlarından genitive singular plural 1st singular gazımın gazlarımın 2nd singular gazının gazlarının 3rd singular gazının gazlarının 1st plural gazımızın gazlarımızın 2nd plural gazınızın gazlarınızın 3rd plural gazlarının gazlarının Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular gazım gazlarım 2nd singular gazsın gazlarsın 3rd singular gaz gazdır gazlar gazlardır 1st plural gazız gazlarız 2nd plural gazsınız gazlarsınız 3rd plural gazlar gazlardır

Derived terms

• havagazı