Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāŕ

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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

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Alternative reconstructions

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  • *kāz

Etymology

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Considering the bird’s black feathers, it could be a derivative of the word 'black' (see Proto-Turkic *kara), but most data support the hypothesis of an onomatopoeic origin.[1][2][3] Probably related to the Hungarian onomatopoeic word gá-gá (“sound a goose makes”).[3] This onomatopoeic formation may serve the same function as other Turkic bird-related words like karga (“crow, black bird”) and kuş (“bird”), compare the Hungarian onomatopoeic word kár-kár ("to croak").[3]

Alternatively, borrowed from some reflex of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”), perhaps Tocharian.[4][5] Pedersen derived from Old Armenian *գաս (*gas), the supposed earlier form of սագ (sag, “goose”),[6][7] but this derivation is implausible.[2][5] Unlikely to be a direct borrowing from Proto-Indo-European, but perhaps coincidental or a cultural Wanderwort.[8] Compare with Chechen гӏа̄з (ğaaz), Ingush гӏа̄ж (ğaaž).

Noun

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*kāŕ

  1. goose

Declension

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Declension of *kāŕ
Singular 3)
Nominative *kāŕ
Accusative *kāŕïg, *kāŕnï1)
Genitive *kāŕnïŋ
Dative *kāŕka
Locative *kāŕta
Ablative *kāŕtan
Allative *kāŕgaru
Instrumental 2) *kāŕïn
Equative 2) *kāŕča
Similative 2) *kāŕlayu
Comitative 2) *kāŕlïgu
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

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  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хур (hur)
  • Common Turkic:

See also

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Animals in Turkic
Köpek
Dog
 dog: *ï̄t
Av Köpeği
Hunting Dog
 hunting dog: *eker
Tavuk
Hen
 hen: *tiakïgu
Toygar
Lark
 lark: *torgay
Güvercin
Pigeon
 dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin
Bıldırcın
Quail
 quail: *bïldurčïn
Serçe
Sparrow
 sparrow: *serče
Şahin
Hawk
 hawk, falcon: *kïrguy
Kaz
Goose
 goose: *kāŕ
Börü
Wolf
 wolf: *bȫrü
İnek
Cow
 cow: *ingek
Buzağı
Calf
 calf: *buŕagu
Deve
Camel
 camel: *tebe
Köşek
Young Camel
 young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu
At
Horse
 horse: *at
Kulun
Foal
 foal: *kulun
Kurt
Worm
 worm: *kūrt
Yılan
Snake
 snake: *yï̄lan
Tilki
Fox
 fox: *tilkü
Keçi
goat
 goat: *keči
Teke
He-goat
 he-goat: *teke
Aslan
Lion
 lion: *arsïlan
Balık
Fish
 fish: *bālïk
Çapak
Abramis brama
 carp bream: *čapak
Eşek
Donkey
 donkey: *eĺčgek
Sazan
Carp
 carp: *siāŕgan
Yayın
Catfish
 catfish: *yāyïn
Kunduz
Beaver
 beaver: *kunduŕ
Kirpi
Hedgehog
 hedgehog: *kirpi
Porsuk
Badger
 badger: *borsmuk
Sinek
Fly
 fly, mosquito: *siŋek
Arı
Bee
 wasp, bee: *ārï
At Sineği
Gadlfy
 gadfly: *bȫgen
Güve
Moth
 moth: *küńe
Bit
Louse
 louse: *bït
Solucan
Earthworm
 earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak
Yak
 yak: *kotuz
Sıpa
Colt
 colt: *sïp
Ejderha
Dragon
 dragon: *siāŕgan
Kurtçuk
Worm
 worm: *kūrt
Geyik
Deer
 deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu
Kertenkele
Lizard
 lizard: *keleŕ

Further reading

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  • Abajev, V. I. (1973) “qaz”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 272
  • Budagov, Lazarʹ (1871) Sravnitelʹnyj slovarʹ turecko-tatarskix narěčij [Comparative Dictionary of Turko-Tatar Dialects] (in Russian), volume II, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 13
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 360f
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 346

References

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  1. ^ Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 184b
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1389, pages 385–387
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Czeglédi, Katalin. The Nature of the Relationship between the Hungarian and Turkish Languages. Journal of Eurasian Studies. Volume IV., Issue 4. October-December 2012.
  4. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 679
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 152b
  6. ^ Pedersen, Holger (1906) “Armenisch und die Nachbarsprachen”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 39, number 3, pages 453–454
  7. ^ Pedersen (Pedersən), Holger (1907) H. Tʻovmas Ketikean, transl., Hayerēn ew dracʻi lezunerə [Armenian and the Neighbouring Languages] (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 186–187
  8. ^ The Proto-Bulgaro-Turkic Urheimat based on geolexical analysis (archived)
  9. ^ Schluessel, Eric (2015) “goose”, in Digital glossary of Eastern Turki‎[2]
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