Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ï̄t

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*ït

Reconstruction Notes

Vowel length discrepancy was noted between Karakhanid, Oghuz and Northern Siberian languages, of which point to a short vowel and the rest of the reflexes, which point to a long vowel.

Noun

*ï̄t

dog

Declension

Declension of *ï̄t
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*ï̄t
accusative	ï̄tïg, ï̄tnï¹⁾
genitive	*ï̄tnïŋ
dative	*ï̄tka
locative	*ï̄tda
ablative	*ï̄tdan
allative	*ï̄tgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*ï̄tïn
equative ²⁾	*ï̄tča
similative ²⁾	*ï̄tlayu
comitative ²⁾	*ï̄tlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: йытӑ (jyt̬ă)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: ît
Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (it)
    - Azerbaijani: it
    - Ottoman Turkish: ایت (it)
      - Turkish: it (derogatory)
      - Gagauz: it
- Salar: idd, it
- Turkmen: it
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: ات (it)
  - Uyghur: ئىت (it)
  - Uzbek: it
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: эт (et)
  - Tatar: эт (et)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimeaic Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: it
    - Urum: ит (it)
  - Karachay-Balkar: ит (it)
  - Kumyk: ит (it)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: [script needed] (iyt)
  - Kazakh: ит (it)
  - Nogai: ийт (iyt)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: ит (it)
  - Southern Altai: ийт (iyt)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰃𐱃 (ït)
  - Old Uyghur: yt (ït)
    - Western Yugur: əʃt
    - →? Salar: idd
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: ыт
  - Yakut: ыт (ït)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: ыт (ıt)

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ï̄t	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972), “ıt”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 34
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 386
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “it”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 174
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ɨt / *it”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Tekin, Talât (1995), Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎^[2], Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 176