gastar

See also: gas tar and gästar

Catalan

Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastí, past participle gastat)

1. to spend, consume

   Synonyms: despendre, consumir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gastar (first conjugation)

infinitive			gastar
gerund			gastant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gastat		gastada
		plural		gastats		gastades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	gasto	gastes	gasta	gastem	gasteu	gasten
	imperfect	gastava	gastaves	gastava	gastàvem	gastàveu	gastaven
	future	gastaré	gastaràs	gastarà	gastarem	gastareu	gastaran
	preterite	gastí	gastares	gastà	gastàrem	gastàreu	gastaren
	conditional	gastaria	gastaries	gastaria	gastaríem	gastaríeu	gastarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	gasti	gastis	gasti	gastem	gasteu	gastin
	imperfect	gastés	gastessis	gastés	gastéssim	gastéssiu	gastessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	gasta	gasti	gastem	gasteu	gastin
	negative (no)	—	no gastis	no gasti	no gastem	no gasteu	no gastin

Further reading

• “gastar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “gastar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “gastar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “gastar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology 1

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese gastar, from Latin vastāre under the influence of the descendants of Frankish *wōstī (“waste”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡasˈtaɾ/

Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastei, past participle gastado)

1. (transitive) to spend
   • 1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:

     os quales diñeiros gastei en desenbargar os bees e terras que meu señor padre enpeñou a payo gomez de soutomayor vasallo do Rey e señor que foi da casa forte de lantaño para a costa que tebo ennas sahidas que fiso con os demais fidalgos da terra en compañia do señor arçobispo e perlado de santiago don lope de mendoza

     said money I spent in redeeming the assets and lands that my father pawned to Paio Gómez de Soutomaior, vassal of the King and late lord of the stronghold of Lataño, for the expenses he had in the expeditions that he did together with the other noblemen of the country, in the company of the lord archbishop and prelate of Santiago Don Lope de Mendoza

2. (transitive) to expend
   • 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 410:

     Pero sua entẽçõ he que nós que comamos et guastemos tódaslas cousas do basteçemento que tẽemos et perlo que deuemos gorir: pan et vjño et carne et fariña et outras cousas

     But his intentions is that we eat and expend everything of the supply we have and which must serve to our sustainment: bread and wine and meat and flour and other things

3. (transitive) to wear, wear out (deteriorate by using)
4. (transitive) to consume, use up (energy, water etc.)
5. (transitive) to use
6. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to wear out (deteriorate by using)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gastar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gastar
Personal	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastaren
Gerund
	gastando
Past participle
Masculine	gastado			gastados
Feminine	gastada			gastadas
Indicative
Present	gasto	gastas	gasta	gastamos	gastades	gastan
Imperfect	gastaba	gastabas	gastaba	gastabamos	gastabades	gastaban
Preterite	gastei	gastaches	gastou	gastamos	gastastes	gastaron
Pluperfect	gastara	gastaras	gastara	gastaramos	gastarades	gastaran
Future	gastarei	gastarás	gastará	gastaremos	gastaredes	gastarán
Conditional	gastaría	gastarías	gastaría	gastariamos	gastariades	gastarían
Subjunctive
Present	gaste	gastes	gaste	gastemos	gastedes	gasten
Imperfect	gastase	gastases	gastase	gastásemos	gastásedes	gastasen
Future	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastaren
Imperative
Affirmative		gasta	gaste	gastemos	gastade	gasten
Negative (non)		non gastes	non gaste	non gastemos	non gastedes	non gasten

    Reintegrated conjugation of gastar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gastar
Personal	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastarem
Gerund
	gastando
Past participle
Masculine	gastado			gastados
Feminine	gastada			gastadas
Indicative
Present	gasto	gastas	gasta	gastamos	gastades, gastais	gastam
Imperfect	gastava	gastavas	gastava	gastávamos	gastávades, gastáveis, gastávais1	gastavam
Preterite	gastei	gastaste, gastache1	gastou	gastamos	gastastes	gastárom, gastaram
Pluperfect	gastara	gastaras	gastara	gastáramos	gastárades, gastáreis, gastárais1	gastaram
Future	gastarei	gastarás	gastará	gastaremos	gastaredes, gastareis	gastarám, gastarão
Conditional	gastaria	gastarias	gastaria	gastaríamos	gastaríades, gastaríeis, gastaríais1	gastariam
Subjunctive
Present	gaste	gastes	gaste	gastemos	gastedes, gasteis	gastem
Imperfect	gastasse	gastasses	gastasse	gastássemos	gastássedes, gastásseis	gastassem
Future	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gasta	gaste	gastemos	gastade, gastai	gastem
Negative (nom)		nom gastes	nom gaste	nom gastemos	nom gastedes, nom gasteis	nom gastem

¹Less recommended.

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kastô (“box”); compare the derived form engastar.

Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastei, past participle gastado)

1. (archaic) to carve
   • 1434, Anselmo López Carreira (ed.), Libro de Notas de Álvaro Afonso (1434), Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, d. 169:

     que collades et diedes colleytas enno monte das Trees çen varas de pedras de duellas, as quaes avedes de dar gastadas et que aja en cada vara de pedra quatro palmos de longo medidos por el vendre ventre dela duella

     [During the construction of the bridge of Ourense] you should pick and give a hundred yards of stone staves, which you should deliver carved; each yard of stone must measure four handspans, as measured by the belly of the stave

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gastar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gastar
Personal	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastaren
Gerund
	gastando
Past participle
Masculine	gastado			gastados
Feminine	gastada			gastadas
Indicative
Present	gasto	gastas	gasta	gastamos	gastades	gastan
Imperfect	gastaba	gastabas	gastaba	gastabamos	gastabades	gastaban
Preterite	gastei	gastaches	gastou	gastamos	gastastes	gastaron
Pluperfect	gastara	gastaras	gastara	gastaramos	gastarades	gastaran
Future	gastarei	gastarás	gastará	gastaremos	gastaredes	gastarán
Conditional	gastaría	gastarías	gastaría	gastariamos	gastariades	gastarían
Subjunctive
Present	gaste	gastes	gaste	gastemos	gastedes	gasten
Imperfect	gastase	gastases	gastase	gastásemos	gastásedes	gastasen
Future	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastaren
Imperative
Affirmative		gasta	gaste	gastemos	gastade	gasten
Negative (non)		non gastes	non gaste	non gastemos	non gastedes	non gasten

    Reintegrated conjugation of gastar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gastar
Personal	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastarem
Gerund
	gastando
Past participle
Masculine	gastado			gastados
Feminine	gastada			gastadas
Indicative
Present	gasto	gastas	gasta	gastamos	gastades, gastais	gastam
Imperfect	gastava	gastavas	gastava	gastávamos	gastávades, gastáveis, gastávais1	gastavam
Preterite	gastei	gastaste, gastache1	gastou	gastamos	gastastes	gastárom, gastaram
Pluperfect	gastara	gastaras	gastara	gastáramos	gastárades, gastáreis, gastárais1	gastaram
Future	gastarei	gastarás	gastará	gastaremos	gastaredes, gastareis	gastarám, gastarão
Conditional	gastaria	gastarias	gastaria	gastaríamos	gastaríades, gastaríeis, gastaríais1	gastariam
Subjunctive
Present	gaste	gastes	gaste	gastemos	gastedes, gasteis	gastem
Imperfect	gastasse	gastasses	gastasse	gastássemos	gastássedes, gastásseis	gastassem
Future	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gasta	gaste	gastemos	gastade, gastai	gastem
Negative (nom)		nom gastes	nom gaste	nom gastemos	nom gastedes, nom gasteis	nom gastem

¹Less recommended.

References

• “gastar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “gastar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “gastar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “gastar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “gastar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “gastar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “gastar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese gastar, from Latin vastāre, with the initial consonant influenced by the descendants of Frankish *wōstī (“waste”) (expected /ɡw/ reduced to /w/ in unstressed initial position). Cognate of Spanish gastar, Italian guastare (“to spoil”). Doublet of vastar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡasˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡasˈta(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡasˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡasˈta(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡasˈta(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡaʃˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡaʃˈta(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡasˈta(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɐʃˈtaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɐʃˈtaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɐʃˈta.ɾi/

Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gastei, past participle gastado, short past participle gasto)

1. to spend
2. to expend

Usage notes

Usage of the long participle form gastado is sometimes considered dated.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gastar (irregular short past participle) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gastar
Personal	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastarem
Gerund
	gastando
Short past participle
Masculine	gasto1			gastos1
Feminine	gasta1			gastas1
Long past participle
Masculine	gastado2			gastados2
Feminine	gastada2			gastadas2
Indicative
Present	gasto	gastas	gasta	gastamos	gastais	gastam
Imperfect	gastava	gastavas	gastava	gastávamos	gastáveis	gastavam
Preterite	gastei	gastaste	gastou	gastamos3, gastámos4	gastastes	gastaram
Pluperfect	gastara	gastaras	gastara	gastáramos	gastáreis	gastaram
Future	gastarei	gastarás	gastará	gastaremos	gastareis	gastarão
Conditional	gastaria	gastarias	gastaria	gastaríamos	gastaríeis	gastariam
Subjunctive
Present	gaste	gastes	gaste	gastemos	gasteis	gastem
Imperfect	gastasse	gastasses	gastasse	gastássemos	gastásseis	gastassem
Future	gastar	gastares	gastar	gastarmos	gastardes	gastarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gasta	gaste	gastemos	gastai	gastem
Negative (não)		não gastes	não gaste	não gastemos	não gasteis	não gastem

¹Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
²Usually used with auxiliary verbs haver and ter.
³Brazilian Portuguese.
⁴European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Likely inherited from Latin vastāre, with the initial consonant influenced by Frankish *wōstijan and with the resulting /ɡw/ reducing to /w/ in unstressed initial position, as also in galardón.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡasˈtaɾ/ [ɡasˈt̪aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: gas‧tar

Verb

gastar (first-person singular present gasto, first-person singular preterite gasté, past participle gastado)

1. (transitive, reflexive) to spend (money, time, resources)
2. (transitive, reflexive) to wear, wear out (deteriorate by using)

   Synonym: desgastar

3. (transitive) to use up, to expend, to consume (energy, water etc.)
4. (transitive) to play (jokes)
5. (transitive) to have or wear

   Synonyms: llevar, tener

6. (transitive) to waste (e.g. gas, money, energy, one's breath)

   Synonym: malgastar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gastar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			gastar
gerund			gastando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gastado		gastada
		plural		gastados		gastadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gasto	gastastú gastásvos	gasta	gastamos	gastáis	gastan
	imperfect	gastaba	gastabas	gastaba	gastábamos	gastabais	gastaban
	preterite	gasté	gastaste	gastó	gastamos	gastasteis	gastaron
	future	gastaré	gastarás	gastará	gastaremos	gastaréis	gastarán
	conditional	gastaría	gastarías	gastaría	gastaríamos	gastaríais	gastarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gaste	gastestú gastésvos2	gaste	gastemos	gastéis	gasten
	imperfect (ra)	gastara	gastaras	gastara	gastáramos	gastarais	gastaran
	imperfect (se)	gastase	gastases	gastase	gastásemos	gastaseis	gastasen
	future1	gastare	gastares	gastare	gastáremos	gastareis	gastaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gastatú gastávos	gaste	gastemos	gastad	gasten
	negative		no gastes	no gaste	no gastemos	no gastéis	no gasten

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gastar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive gastar
	dative	gastarme	gastarte	gastarle, gastarse	gastarnos	gastaros	gastarles, gastarse
	accusative	gastarme	gastarte	gastarlo, gastarla, gastarse	gastarnos	gastaros	gastarlos, gastarlas, gastarse
with gerund gastando
	dative	gastándome	gastándote	gastándole, gastándose	gastándonos	gastándoos	gastándoles, gastándose
	accusative	gastándome	gastándote	gastándolo, gastándola, gastándose	gastándonos	gastándoos	gastándolos, gastándolas, gastándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative gasta
	dative	gástame	gástate	gástale	gástanos	not used	gástales
	accusative	gástame	gástate	gástalo, gástala	gástanos	not used	gástalos, gástalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gastá
	dative	gastame	gastate	gastale	gastanos	not used	gastales
	accusative	gastame	gastate	gastalo, gastala	gastanos	not used	gastalos, gastalas
with formal second-person singular imperative gaste
	dative	gásteme	not used	gástele, gástese	gástenos	not used	gásteles
	accusative	gásteme	not used	gástelo, gástela, gástese	gástenos	not used	gástelos, gástelas
with first-person plural imperative gastemos
	dative	not used	gastémoste	gastémosle	gastémonos	gastémoos	gastémosles
	accusative	not used	gastémoste	gastémoslo, gastémosla	gastémonos	gastémoos	gastémoslos, gastémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gastad
	dative	gastadme	not used	gastadle	gastadnos	gastaos	gastadles
	accusative	gastadme	not used	gastadlo, gastadla	gastadnos	gastaos	gastadlos, gastadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative gasten
	dative	gástenme	not used	gástenle	gástennos	not used	gástenles, gástense
	accusative	gástenme	not used	gástenlo, gástenla	gástennos	not used	gástenlos, gástenlas, gástense

Derived terms

• desgastar
• gastable
• gastado
• gastador
• gastamiento
• gastar la pólvora en salvas
• gastárselas
• gasto
• malgastar
• regastar
• sobregastar

 

References

• Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “gastar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 121

Further reading

• “gastar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Noun

gastar

1. indefinite plural of gast

Verb

gastar

1. present indicative of gasta

Anagrams

• argast