laboro

See also: laboró

Catalan

Verb

laboro

first-person singular present indicative of laborar

Esperanto

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /laˈboro/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -oro
Syllabification: la‧bo‧ro

Noun

laboro (accusative singular laboron, plural laboroj, accusative plural laborojn)

job, work
Synonym: posteno

Derived terms

Ido

Noun

laboro (plural labori)

work

Juba Arabic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlaboɾo/, [ˈla.bɔ.ɾɔ]

Noun

laboro

banana
Synonym: muz

References

Ian Smith; Morris Timothy Ama (1985), A Dictionary of Juba Arabic & English‎^[1], 1st edition, Juba: The Committee of The Juba Cheshire Home and Centre for Handicapped Children, page 152
Behnstedt, Peter; Woidich, Manfred (2010), Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 24

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Old Latin labōs

Latin labor

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin laborō

From labor + -ō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɫaˈboː.roː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [laˈbɔː.ro]

Verb

labōrō (present infinitive labōrāre, perfect active labōrāvī, supine labōrātum); first conjugation, third person-only in the passive

to toil, labor, work
Synonyms: operor, exerceō, vertō, versō
to endeavor, strive
Synonyms: lūctor, ēlabōrō, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, temptō, appetō, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, ēnītor, contendō, adnītor, īnsequor, pugnō, molior, perīclitor, nītor, spectō
to suffer, be oppressed, be afflicted with
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico VII.10:
  ne ab re frumentaria duris subvectionibus laboraret
  lest he should be afflicted with hard conveyances by the provisions
to be imperiled
(transitive) to produce
to eclipse (said of the sun or moon)

Conjugation

Conjugation of labōrō (first conjugation, third person-only in the passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	labōrō	labōrās		labōrat	labōrāmus	labōrātis		labōrant
	imperfect	labōrābam	labōrābās		labōrābat	labōrābāmus	labōrābātis		labōrābant
	future	labōrābō	labōrābis		labōrābit	labōrābimus	labōrābitis		labōrābunt
	perfect	labōrāvī	labōrāvistī, labōrāstī¹		labōrāvit, labōrāt¹	labōrāvimus, labōrāmus¹	labōrāvistis, labōrāstis¹		labōrāvērunt, labōrārunt, labōrāvēre¹
	pluperfect	labōrāveram, labōrāram¹	labōrāverās, labōrārās¹		labōrāverat, labōrārat¹	labōrāverāmus, labōrārāmus¹	labōrāverātis, labōrārātis¹		labōrāverant, labōrārant¹
	future perfect	labōrāverō, labōrārō¹	labōrāveris, labōrāris¹		labōrāverit, labōrārit¹	labōrāverimus, labōrārimus¹	labōrāveritis, labōrāritis¹		labōrāverint, labōrārint¹
passive	present	—	—		labōrātur	—	—		labōrantur
	imperfect	—	—		labōrābātur	—	—		labōrābantur
	future	—	—		labōrābitur	—	—		labōrābuntur
	perfect	—	—		labōrātum est	—	—		labōrāta sunt
	pluperfect	—	—		labōrātum erat	—	—		labōrāta erant
	future perfect	—	—		labōrātum erit	—	—		labōrāta erint
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	labōrem	labōrēs		labōret	labōrēmus	labōrētis		labōrent
	imperfect	labōrārem	labōrārēs		labōrāret	labōrārēmus	labōrārētis		labōrārent
	perfect	labōrāverim, labōrārim¹	labōrāverīs, labōrārīs¹		labōrāverit, labōrārit¹	labōrāverīmus, labōrārīmus¹	labōrāverītis, labōrārītis¹		labōrāverint, labōrārint¹
	pluperfect	labōrāvissem, labōrāssem¹	labōrāvissēs, labōrāssēs¹		labōrāvisset, labōrāsset¹	labōrāvissēmus, labōrāssēmus¹	labōrāvissētis, labōrāssētis¹		labōrāvissent, labōrāssent¹
passive	present	—	—		labōrētur	—	—		labōrentur
	imperfect	—	—		labōrārētur	—	—		labōrārentur
	perfect	—	—		labōrātum sit	—	—		labōrāta sint
	pluperfect	—	—		labōrātum esset	—	—		labōrāta essent
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	labōrā		—	—	labōrāte		—
active	future	—	labōrātō		labōrātō	—	labōrātōte		labōrantō
passive	future	—	—		labōrātor	—	—		labōrantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		labōrāre		labōrārī		labōrāns		—
future		labōrātūrum esse		labōrātum īrī		labōrātūrus		labōrandum
perfect		labōrāvisse, labōrāsse¹		labōrātum esse		—		labōrātum
future perfect		—		labōrātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		labōrātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		labōrandī	labōrandō		labōrandum	labōrandō	labōrātum		labōrātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Italo-Dalmatian:
- Dalmatian: lavorar
- Istriot: lavurà
- Italian: lavorare
  Tuscan and Central Italian: lavorà, laorà (“plough, work”)
- Neapolitan: laurà, laborà (“plough”)
- Sicilian: lavurari (“to plough”)
- Venetan: łavorar, łaorar, laorar, lavorar
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: lavorâ
- Ladin: laorar, laurar
- Romansh: lavurar, luvrar (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: laurar, →? lavorar, lavurèr
- Lombard: laurà
- Piedmontese: lauré (“plough”)
Gallo-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
- Old Catalan: laurar
  - Catalan: llaurar
- Old Occitan: laorar
  - Occitan: laurar, laborar, lavorar
    Septentrional Lengadocian: llaurar
Ibero-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
- Aragonese: labrar
  Ribagorçan: llaurar, llabrar
- Old Galician-Portuguese: lavrar
  - Galician: labrar
  - Portuguese: lavrar
- Old Leonese: lavrar
  - Asturian: llabrar
  - Leonese: llabrar
  - Mirandese: lhabrar
- Spanish: labrar
Borrowings:
- → Albanian: lëroj
- → Asturian: llaborar
- → Catalan: laborar
- → Galician: laborar
- → Old French: laborer
  - Middle French: labourer
    - French: labourer
  - Norman: labouother
  - → Middle English: labouren
    - English: labour, labor (US)
    - Scots: laubour
- → Portuguese: laborar
- → Spanish: laborar

References

“laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“laboro”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be tormented by hunger, to be starving: fame laborare, premi
- to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
- to suffer from want of a thing: inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi
- to expend great labour on a thing: operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere
- to work without intermission: laborem non intermittere
- to lose one's labour: inanem laborem suscipere
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: contendere et laborare, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
- not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re
- to have pecuniary difficulties: laborare de pecunia
- (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
- (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /laˈboɾo/ [laˈβ̞o.ɾo]
Rhymes: -oɾo
Syllabification: la‧bo‧ro

Verb

laboro

first-person singular present indicative of laborar