verto

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian vertice and Latin vertex, perhaps also Russian верши́на (veršína).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈverto/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -erto
• Syllabification: ver‧to

Noun

verto (accusative singular verton, plural vertoj, accusative plural vertojn)

1. pate, top or crown of the head
   • 2001, Sten Johansson, chapter 8, in Neĝo kaŝas nur…, Eld. Al-fab-et-o:

     La edzino verŝas kafon, dum la gasto okulkaresas ŝin de piedoj ĝis verto, precipe la mezajn partojn.

     His wife poured coffee, while the guest eyed her from feet to crown, especially the middle parts.

Further reading

• “verto”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “verto”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Finnish

Etymology

verta +‎ -o

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋerto/, [ˈʋe̞rt̪o̞]
• Rhymes: -erto
• Syllabification^(key): ver‧to
• Hyphenation^(key): ver‧to

Noun

verto (rare)

1. synonym of verta (“match”)

Declension

Inflection of verto (Kotus type 1*K/valo, rt–rr gradation)
nominative		verto	verrot
genitive		verron	vertojen
partitive		vertoa	vertoja
illative		vertoon	vertoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		verto	verrot
accusative	nom.	verto	verrot
	gen.	verron
genitive		verron	vertojen
partitive		vertoa	vertoja
inessive		verrossa	verroissa
elative		verrosta	verroista
illative		vertoon	vertoihin
adessive		verrolla	verroilla
ablative		verrolta	verroilta
allative		verrolle	verroille
essive		vertona	vertoina
translative		verroksi	verroiksi
abessive		verrotta	verroitta
instructive		—	verroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of verto (Kotus type 1*K/valo, rt–rr gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative vertoni vertoni accusative nom. vertoni vertoni gen. vertoni genitive vertoni vertojeni partitive vertoani vertojani inessive verrossani verroissani elative verrostani verroistani illative vertooni vertoihini adessive verrollani verroillani ablative verroltani verroiltani allative verrolleni verroilleni essive vertonani vertoinani translative verrokseni verroikseni abessive verrottani verroittani instructive — — comitative — vertoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative vertosi vertosi accusative nom. vertosi vertosi gen. vertosi genitive vertosi vertojesi partitive vertoasi vertojasi inessive verrossasi verroissasi elative verrostasi verroistasi illative vertoosi vertoihisi adessive verrollasi verroillasi ablative verroltasi verroiltasi allative verrollesi verroillesi essive vertonasi vertoinasi translative verroksesi verroiksesi abessive verrottasi verroittasi instructive — — comitative — vertoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative vertomme vertomme accusative nom. vertomme vertomme gen. vertomme genitive vertomme vertojemme partitive vertoamme vertojamme inessive verrossamme verroissamme elative verrostamme verroistamme illative vertoomme vertoihimme adessive verrollamme verroillamme ablative verroltamme verroiltamme allative verrollemme verroillemme essive vertonamme vertoinamme translative verroksemme verroiksemme abessive verrottamme verroittamme instructive — — comitative — vertoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative vertonne vertonne accusative nom. vertonne vertonne gen. vertonne genitive vertonne vertojenne partitive vertoanne vertojanne inessive verrossanne verroissanne elative verrostanne verroistanne illative vertoonne vertoihinne adessive verrollanne verroillanne ablative verroltanne verroiltanne allative verrollenne verroillenne essive vertonanne vertoinanne translative verroksenne verroiksenne abessive verrottanne verroittanne instructive — — comitative — vertoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative vertonsa vertonsa accusative nom. vertonsa vertonsa gen. vertonsa genitive vertonsa vertojensa partitive vertoaan vertoansa vertojaan vertojansa inessive verrossaan verrossansa verroissaan verroissansa elative verrostaan verrostansa verroistaan verroistansa illative vertoonsa vertoihinsa adessive verrollaan verrollansa verroillaan verroillansa ablative verroltaan verroltansa verroiltaan verroiltansa allative verrolleen verrollensa verroilleen verroillensa essive vertonaan vertonansa vertoinaan vertoinansa translative verrokseen verroksensa verroikseen verroiksensa abessive verrottaan verrottansa verroittaan verroittansa instructive — — comitative — vertoineen vertoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• keskiverto

Further reading

• “verto”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 4 July 2023

Anagrams

• Tervo, revot, verot

Galician

Verb

verto

1. first-person singular present indicative of verter

Italian

Verb

verto

1. first-person singular present indicative of vertere

Anagrams

• torve, trevo, vetro

Latin

Alternative forms

• vortō

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wertō, from Proto-Indo-European *wert-.

Cognates include Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “to turn”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙 (var^ət), Russian вертеть (vertetʹ, “to rotate”)), Proto-Baltic *wert- (Lithuanian ver̃sti), Persian گرد (gard, “grow; turn”), Proto-Germanic *werþaną (“to become”) (Old English weorþan (“to happen”), English worth), Old Irish dofortad (“to pour out”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈwɛr.toː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈvɛr.to]

Verb

vertō (present infinitive vertere, perfect active vertī, supine versum); third conjugation

1. to turn, turn oneself, direct one's way, to turn about, turn around, revolve

   Synonyms: versō, advertō, circumagō

   tergum/terga vertere ― be on the run, to escape

   • 2025 June 19, Rami Kaminski, “How Outsiders Can Thrive in a World That Wants Them to Fit In”, in Next Big Idea Club‎^[2] (in English):

     I call them otroverts—from otro, the Spanish word for “other,” and vertere, Latin for “to turn.” Otroverts are people who turn in a different direction: not inward like introverts, not outward like extroverts, but elsewhere. They turn toward something else entirely—independence, clarity, and observation.

2. to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy

   Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, fundō, prōsternō, sternō, pervertō, ēvertō, dēturbō, afflīgō, dissipō, versō

3. to be engaged in, be in a place or condition

   Synonyms: operor, exerceō, labōrō, versō

4. to change, alter, transform

   Synonyms: alterō, trānsferō, mūtō, commūtō, versō, cōnferō

5. to reverse (transitive)
6. to exchange, interchange
7. (of literary productions) to translate, turn into another language

   Synonyms: trānsferō, exprimō

8. to retreat

   Synonyms: decedo, discedo, cedo, deficio, concēdō, excēdō, abscēdō, regredior, subtrahō, subdūcō, inclīnō, recēdō, āmoveō, recipiō, referō, facessō

   Antonyms: prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, prōficiō, aggredior, ēvehō, incēdō, accēdō, adeō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of vertō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	vertō		vertis		vertit		vertimus		vertitis		vertunt
	imperfect	vertēbam		vertēbās		vertēbat		vertēbāmus		vertēbātis		vertēbant
	future	vertam		vertēs		vertet		vertēmus		vertētis		vertent
	perfect	vertī		vertistī		vertit		vertimus		vertistis		vertērunt, vertēre
	pluperfect	verteram		verterās		verterat		verterāmus		verterātis		verterant
	future perfect	verterō		verteris		verterit		verterimus		verteritis		verterint
passive	present	vertor		verteris, vertere		vertitur		vertimur		vertiminī		vertuntur
	imperfect	vertēbar		vertēbāris, vertēbāre		vertēbātur		vertēbāmur		vertēbāminī		vertēbantur
	future	vertar		vertēris, vertēre		vertētur		vertēmur		vertēminī		vertentur
	perfect	versus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	versus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	versus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	vertam		vertās		vertat		vertāmus		vertātis		vertant
	imperfect	verterem		verterēs		verteret		verterēmus		verterētis		verterent
	perfect	verterim		verterīs		verterit		verterīmus		verterītis		verterint
	pluperfect	vertissem		vertissēs		vertisset		vertissēmus		vertissētis		vertissent
passive	present	vertar		vertāris, vertāre		vertātur		vertāmur		vertāminī		vertantur
	imperfect	verterer		verterēris, verterēre		verterētur		verterēmur		verterēminī		verterentur
	perfect	versus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	versus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		verte		—		—		vertite		—
	future	—		vertitō		vertitō		—		vertitōte		vertuntō
passive	present	—		vertere		—		—		vertiminī		—
	future	—		vertitor		vertitor		—		—		vertuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		vertere			vertī			vertēns			—
future		versūrum esse			versum īrī			versūrus			vertendus, vertundus
perfect		vertisse			versum esse			—			versus
future perfect		—			versum fore			—			—
perfect potential		versūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		vertendī		vertendō		vertendum		vertendō		versum		versū

Derived terms

• advertō
• āvertō
• circumvertō
• convertō
• dēvertō
• dīvertō
• ēvertō
• intervertō
• invertō
• obvertō
• oportet
• pervertō
• revertō, revertor
• subvertō
• trānsvertō
• versicapillus
• versicolor
• versiformis
• versilis
• versiō
• versipellis
• versō
• versōria
• versūra
• versus
• versūtus
• vertebra
• vertibilis
• vertīgō
• vortex, vertex

Related terms

• terga vertō

Descendants

• Italian: vertere
• Old French: vertir
• English: vert, verse
• Old Galician-Portuguese: verter
  • Galician: verter
  • Portuguese: verter
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: verter

See also

• volvō

References

• “verto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "verto", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “verto”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the wind is turning to the south-west: ventus se vertit in Africum
    
  • to make not the slightest effort; not to stir a finger: manum non vertere alicuius rei causa
    
  • to make a thing ridiculous, turn it into a joke: aliquid in risum vertere
    
  • all depends on this; this is the decisive point: in ea re omnia vertuntur
    
  • I wish you all success in the matter: bene id tibi vertat!
    
  • to reproach a person with..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere
    
  • to translate from Greek into Latin: aliquid e graeco in latinum (sermonem) convertere, vertere, transferre
    
  • to translate Plato: Platonem vertere, convertere
    
  • to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
    
  • to become an object of ridicule; to be laughed at: in ludibrium verti (Tac. Ann. 12. 26)
    
  • to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid religioni habere or in religionem vertere
    
  • and may God grant success: quod deus bene vertat!
    
  • to interpret something as an omen: accipere, vertere aliquid in omen
    
  • to leave one's country (only used of exiles): solum vertere, mutare (Caecin. 34. 100)
    
  • to reproach, blame a person for..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr. 5. 50)
    
  • to flee, run away: terga vertere or dare
    
• Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “vertō”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 763-765

Portuguese

Verb

verto

1. first-person singular present indicative of verter

Venetan

Alternative forms

• averto

Etymology

From Latin apertus. Compare Friulian viert.

Verb

verto m (feminine singular verta, masculine plural verti, feminine plural verte)

1. past participle of verxar, past participle of vèrzar

Adjective

verto (feminine singular verta, masculine plural verti, feminine plural verte)

1. open

Derived terms

• vertaùra