sterno

See also: Sterno, ŝterno, and sterno-

Italian

Etymology

From Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon, “chest, breastbone, heart”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɛr.no/
• Rhymes: -ɛrno
• Hyphenation: stèr‧no

Noun

sterno m (plural sterni)

1. (anatomy) breastbone, sternum

Derived terms

• sternale

Anagrams

• nostre

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *stornō, from Proto-Indo-European *str̥néh₃ti, n-infix present of the root *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”). Cognate with Sanskrit आस्तॄ (āstṝ, “spread”), Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (stər^ənāⁱti, “spread, extend”), Ancient Greek στόρνυμι (stórnumi, “scatter”), στρατός (stratós, “army, people, body of men”), Old Church Slavonic прострѣти (prostrěti, “stretch, expand”), просторъ (prostorŭ, “spaciousness”), Old English strewian (English strew), Old Norse strá.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈstɛr.noː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈstɛr.no]

Verb

sternō (present infinitive sternere, perfect active strāvī, supine strātum); third conjugation

1. (transitive) to spread, stretch out, spread out

   Synonyms: cōnfundō, effundō, fundō, diffundō, dēfundō, differō, indūcō, dissipō

2. (transitive, rare) to calm, still, moderate
3. (transitive) to cover, spread with, scatter with, bestrew with, besprinkle
4. (transitive, of a road, path) to pave, cover
5. (transitive) to stretch on the ground, throw to the ground, cast down, strike down, prostrate

   Synonyms: prōsternō, fundō, prōflīgō, impellō, ruō, subvertō, pervertō, ēvertō, dēturbō, versō, afflīgō

6. to overthrow

   Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, fundō, pervertō, ēvertō, dēturbō, prōsternō, afflīgō, dissipō, vertō, versō

   • c. 13th C., O Fortuna, lines 34-36:

     Quod per sortem sternit fortem, mecum omnes plangite!

     That which through fate strikes the strong man down, everyone bemoan [it] with me!

7. (transitive, by extension) to knock to the ground, demolish, raze, level, flatten

   Synonyms: assolō, adaequō, aequō, pariō

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV.38:

     cum toga signum dedero, tum mihi undique clamore sublato turbam inuadite ac sternite omnia ferro;

     when I give the signal with my toga, raise a loud shout and make an attack on the crowd from all sides and cut everything down with the sword

Conjugation

   Conjugation of sternō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sternō		sternis		sternit		sternimus		sternitis		sternunt
	imperfect	sternēbam		sternēbās		sternēbat		sternēbāmus		sternēbātis		sternēbant
	future	sternam		sternēs		sternet		sternēmus		sternētis		sternent
	perfect	strāvī		strāvistī		strāvit		strāvimus		strāvistis		strāvērunt, strāvēre
	pluperfect	strāveram		strāverās		strāverat		strāverāmus		strāverātis		strāverant
	future perfect	strāverō		strāveris		strāverit		strāverimus		strāveritis		strāverint
passive	present	sternor		sterneris, sternere		sternitur		sternimur		sterniminī		sternuntur
	imperfect	sternēbar		sternēbāris, sternēbāre		sternēbātur		sternēbāmur		sternēbāminī		sternēbantur
	future	sternar		sternēris, sternēre		sternētur		sternēmur		sternēminī		sternentur
	perfect	strātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	strātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	strātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sternam		sternās		sternat		sternāmus		sternātis		sternant
	imperfect	sternerem		sternerēs		sterneret		sternerēmus		sternerētis		sternerent
	perfect	strāverim		strāverīs		strāverit		strāverīmus		strāverītis		strāverint
	pluperfect	strāvissem		strāvissēs		strāvisset		strāvissēmus		strāvissētis		strāvissent
passive	present	sternar		sternāris, sternāre		sternātur		sternāmur		sternāminī		sternantur
	imperfect	sternerer		sternerēris, sternerēre		sternerētur		sternerēmur		sternerēminī		sternerentur
	perfect	strātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	strātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		sterne		—		—		sternite		—
	future	—		sternitō		sternitō		—		sternitōte		sternuntō
passive	present	—		sternere		—		—		sterniminī		—
	future	—		sternitor		sternitor		—		—		sternuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		sternere			sternī			sternēns			—
future		strātūrum esse			strātum īrī			strātūrus			sternendus, sternundus
perfect		strāvisse			strātum esse			—			strātus
future perfect		—			strātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		strātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		sternendī		sternendō		sternendum		sternendō		strātum		strātū

Derived terms

• asternō
• cōnsternō
• desternō
• exsternō
• īnsternō
• persternō
• prōsternō
• sternāx
• strāta
• strātum
• strātus
• substernō

Descendants

• Franco-Provençal: êterdre
• Old French: esternir (through alternative form *sternire), esterdre (merged with the root extergere)
  • French: éternir (dialectal, Normandy), étarnir (dialectal, Savoie), éterdre (dialectal, Savoie, Jura and Switzerland)
• Friulian: stierni
• Italian: sternere

Further reading

• “sterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “sterno”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to pave a road: viam sternere (silice, saxo)
    
  • to saddle a horse: sternere equum
    
  • (ambiguous) to prostrate oneself before a person: ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

• sterro

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ.

Noun

sterno m

1. star

Inflection

Declension of sterno (masculine an-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	sterno	sternon
accusative	sternon	sternon
genitive	sternin	sternono
dative	sternin	sternon

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: sterre, sterne
  • Dutch: ster
    • Afrikaans: ster
    • Negerhollands: ster
    • → Indonesian: seter
  • Limburgish: Schtar, sjtar
  • West Flemish: sterre

References

• “sterno, sterro”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Alternative forms

• sterro, stern

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Compare Old Saxon sterro, Old Frisian stēra, Old English steorra, Old Norse stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō).

Noun

sterno m

1. star

Declension

Declension of sterno (masculine n-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	sterno	sternon, sternun
accusative	sternon, sternun	sternon, sternun
genitive	sternen, sternin	sternōno
dative	sternen, sternin	sternōm, sternōn

Descendants

• Middle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn
  • Alemannic German: Stern
  • Bavarian: Stean

    Cimbrian: stèrn

    Mòcheno: stern

  • Central Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern

    Hunsrik: Stern

    Luxembourgish: Stär

  • German: Stern
  • Vilamovian: śtaom
  • Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)