pario

See also: parió and parío

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpa.ri.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpaː.ri.o]

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-der.

Proto-Italic *parjō

Latin pariō

From Proto-Italic *parjō, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον, πέπρωμαι (époron, péprōmai, “to furnish, grant, bestow”), Umbrian 𐌀𐌌𐌐𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌕𐌖 (amparitu), Old Irish ernaid (“to grant, bestow”), Welsh erthyl (“abortion”), Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “to grant, bestow”), पुरुष (puruṣa, “person”).

Verb

pariō (present infinitive parere or parīre, perfect active peperī, supine paritum or partum); third (-iō variant) conjugation

1. to bear, to give birth to

   Synonyms: prōcreō, genō, gignō, suscipiō, prōdō, ēdō, creō, enitor, conitor, efficiō

   Antonym: necō

   • 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annals 1.7 (Quoted by Varro. De Lingua Latina. 5.59.):

     ova parire solet genus pennis condecoratum

     The race adorned with feathers is wont to bear eggs

   • early 2nd century BC, Plautus, Vidularia Fragmenta.18:

     nam audiui feminam ego leonem semel parire

     I have heard that a female lion only gives birth once

   • Vulgate, Isaiah 7:14

     ecce virgo concipiet, et pariet filium, et vocabitur nomen eius Emmanuel

     behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

2. to spawn, produce, generate, beget
   • Terentius, Andria

     obsequium amīcōs, vēritās ōdium parit

     Obsequiousness begets friends, truthfulness hatred.

3. to procure, acquire

   Synonyms: acquīrō, adipīscor, lucror, cōnsequor, parō, impetrō, mereō, sūmō, emō, comparō, potior, inveniō, apīscor, obtineō, conciliō, nancīscor, colligō, alliciō

   Antonym: āmittō

4. (figuratively) to cause, provoke, arouse

   Synonyms: ēdō, importō, offerō, addūcō, iniciō

Usage notes

• Part of a small group of verbs, all with a short-vowel root, displaying both 3rd and 4th conjugation forms. See also potior (“to be master over”), orior (“to rise, be born”), and morior (“to die”).

Conjugation

• The present infinitive (parere) occasionally occurs in the form parīre.
• The future infinitive/participle (paritūrus) occasionally occurs in the form partūrus.
• The Archaic Latin imperative form parī is attested in the Garigliano bowl.

   Conjugation of pariō (third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pariō		parī̆s		parit		parī̆mus		parī̆tis		pariunt
	imperfect	pariēbam, parībam1		pariēbās, parībās1		pariēbat, parībat1		pariēbāmus, parībāmus1		pariēbātis, parībātis1		pariēbant, parībant1
	future	pariam, parībō1		pariēs, parībis1		pariet, parībit1		pariēmus, parībimus1		pariētis, parībitis1		parient, parībunt1
	perfect	peperī		peperistī		peperit		peperimus		peperistis		peperērunt, peperēre
	pluperfect	pepereram		pepererās		pepererat		pepererāmus		pepererātis		pepererant
	future perfect	pepererō		pepereris		pepererit		pepererimus		pepereritis		pepererint
passive	present	parior		pareris, parīris, parere, parīre		parī̆tur		parī̆mur		parī̆minī		pariuntur
	imperfect	pariēbar, parībar1		pariēbāris, pariēbāre, parībāris, parībāre1		pariēbātur, parībātur1		pariēbāmur, parībāmur1		pariēbāminī, parībāminī1		pariēbantur, parībantur1
	future	pariar, parībor1		pariēris, pariēre, parīberis, parībere1		pariētur, parībitur1		pariēmur, parībimur1		pariēminī, parībiminī1		parientur, parībuntur1
	perfect	paritus or partus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	paritus or partus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	paritus or partus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pariam		pariās		pariat		pariāmus		pariātis		pariant
	imperfect	parerem, parīrem		parerēs, parīrēs		pareret, parīret		parerēmus, parīrēmus		parerētis, parīrētis		parerent, parīrent
	perfect	pepererim		pepererīs		pepererit		pepererīmus		pepererītis		pepererint
	pluperfect	peperissem		peperissēs		peperisset		peperissēmus		peperissētis		peperissent
passive	present	pariar		pariāris, pariāre		pariātur		pariāmur		pariāminī		pariantur
	imperfect	parerer, parīrer		parerēris, parīrēris, parerēre, parīrēre		parerētur, parīrētur		parerēmur, parīrēmur		parerēminī, parīrēminī		parerentur, parīrentur
	perfect	paritus or partus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	paritus or partus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		pare, parī		—		—		parī̆te		—
	future	—		parī̆tō		parī̆tō		—		parī̆tōte		pariuntō
passive	present	—		parere, parīre		—		—		parī̆minī		—
	future	—		parī̆tor		parī̆tor		—		—		pariuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		parere, parīre			parī, parīrī			pariēns			—
future		paritūrum esse			paritum īrī, partum īrī			paritūrus, partūrus			pariendus, pariundus
perfect		peperisse			paritum esse, partum esse			—			paritus, partus
future perfect		—			paritum fore, partum fore			—			—
perfect potential		paritūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pariendī		pariendō		pariendum		pariendō		paritum, partum		paritū, partū

¹Chiefly pre-classical, but used poetically during the Classical period.

Derived terms

• comperiō
• grātia grātiam parit
• ōviparus
• parēns
• pariēns
• partiō
• parturiō
• partus
• reperiō
• vīviparus

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: parire (archaic)
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: parir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: parir
  • Extremaduran: paril
  • Mirandese: parir
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: parir
    • Galician: parir
    • Portuguese: parir
  • Spanish: parir

Etymology 2

From pār +‎ -iō.

Verb

pariō (present infinitive pariāre, perfect active pariāvī, supine pariātum); first conjugation

1. to make level, equalize

   Synonyms: adaequō, sternō, aequō

2. to be equal to
3. to settle a debt
4. to do business

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pariō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pariō		pariās		pariat		pariāmus		pariātis		pariant
	imperfect	pariābam		pariābās		pariābat		pariābāmus		pariābātis		pariābant
	future	pariābō		pariābis		pariābit		pariābimus		pariābitis		pariābunt
	perfect	pariāvī		pariāvistī		pariāvit		pariāvimus		pariāvistis		pariāvērunt, pariāvēre
	pluperfect	pariāveram		pariāverās		pariāverat		pariāverāmus		pariāverātis		pariāverant
	future perfect	pariāverō		pariāveris		pariāverit		pariāverimus		pariāveritis		pariāverint
passive	present	parior		pariāris, pariāre		pariātur		pariāmur		pariāminī		pariantur
	imperfect	pariābar		pariābāris, pariābāre		pariābātur		pariābāmur		pariābāminī		pariābantur
	future	pariābor		pariāberis, pariābere		pariābitur		pariābimur		pariābiminī		pariābuntur
	perfect	pariātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pariātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pariātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pariem		pariēs		pariet		pariēmus		pariētis		parient
	imperfect	pariārem		pariārēs		pariāret		pariārēmus		pariārētis		pariārent
	perfect	pariāverim		pariāverīs		pariāverit		pariāverīmus		pariāverītis		pariāverint
	pluperfect	pariāvissem		pariāvissēs		pariāvisset		pariāvissēmus		pariāvissētis		pariāvissent
passive	present	parier		pariēris, pariēre		pariētur		pariēmur		pariēminī		parientur
	imperfect	pariārer		pariārēris, pariārēre		pariārētur		pariārēmur		pariārēminī		pariārentur
	perfect	pariātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pariātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		pariā		—		—		pariāte		—
	future	—		pariātō		pariātō		—		pariātōte		pariantō
passive	present	—		pariāre		—		—		pariāminī		—
	future	—		pariātor		pariātor		—		—		pariantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		pariāre			pariārī			pariāns			—
future		pariātūrum esse			pariātum īrī			pariātūrus			pariandus
perfect		pariāvisse			pariātum esse			—			pariātus
future perfect		—			pariātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		pariātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pariandī		pariandō		pariandum		pariandō		pariātum		pariātū

Etymology 3

Noun

pariō

1. dative/ablative singular of parium

Further reading

• “pario1”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pario in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “pario2”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pario3”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pario”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pario”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to attain eternal renown: immortalitatem consequi, adipisci, sibi parere
    
  • (ambiguous) to invent, form words: verba parere, fingere, facere
    
  • (ambiguous) to establish oneself as despot, tyrant by some means: tyrannidem sibi parere aliqua re
    
  • (ambiguous) to gain a victory, win a battle: victoriam adipisci, parere
    

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾjo/ [ˈpa.ɾjo]
• Rhymes: -aɾjo
• Syllabification: pa‧rio

Adjective

pario (feminine paria, masculine plural parios, feminine plural parias)

1. Parian

Further reading

• “pario”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025