पुरुष
Appearance
See also: परुष
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुरुष (puruṣa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]पुरुष • (puruṣ) m (Urdu spelling پرش)
- man, male
- person
- Synonyms: मर्द (mard), आदमी (ādmī); see also Thesaurus:मनुष्य
- अनेक पुरुष भवन के बाहर हैं।
- anek puruṣ bhavan ke bāhar ha͠i.
- Many people are outside the building.
Declension
[edit]Declension of पुरुष (masc cons-stem)
Related terms
[edit]- तत्पुरुष (tatpuruṣ)
Further reading
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पुरुष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुरुष (púruṣa). Compare Old Marathi 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]पुरुष • (puruṣ) m
Further reading
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “पुरुष”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पुरुष”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “पुरुष”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- पूरुष (pū́ruṣa)
Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- পুৰুষ (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬸᬭᬸᬱ (Balinese script)
- পুরুষ (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰲𑰨𑰲𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀼𑀱 (Brahmi script)
- ပုရုၑ (Burmese script)
- પુરુષ (Gujarati script)
- ਪੁਰੁਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍁𑌰𑍁𑌷 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦸꦫꦸꦰ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂳𑂭 (Kaithi script)
- ಪುರುಷ (Kannada script)
- បុរុឞ (Khmer script)
- ປຸຣຸຩ (Lao script)
- പുരുഷ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡠᡵᡠᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠤᠷᠤᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧔𑧈𑧔𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐸𑐬𑐸𑐲 (Newa script)
- ପୁରୁଷ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢸꢬꢸꢰ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆶𑆫𑆶𑆰 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖲𑖨𑖲𑖬 (Siddham script)
- පුරුෂ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩒𑩼𑩒𑪀 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚰𑚤𑚰 (Takri script)
- புருஷ (Tamil script)
- పురుష (Telugu script)
- ปุรุษ (Thai script)
- པུ་རུ་ཥ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒳𑒩𑒳𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨃𑨫𑨃𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]An alteration of *pū́rṣa (by analogy with mánuṣa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥Hṣas (“man”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Pali purisa, Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa, “man”), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa). Further related to Latin pariō (“to spawn, to beget”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]पुरुष • (púruṣa) stem, m
- man, male, human being
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.165.3:
- हे॒तिः प॒क्षिणी॒ न द॑भात्य॒स्माना॒ष्ट्र्यां प॒दं कृ॑णुते अग्नि॒धाने॑।
शं नो॒ गोभ्य॑श्च॒ पुरु॑षेभ्यश्चास्तु॒ मा नो॑ हिंसीदि॒ह दे॑वाः क॒पोत॑:॥- hetíḥ pakṣíṇī ná dabhātyasmā́nāṣṭryā́ṃ padáṃ kṛṇute agnidhā́ne.
śáṃ no góbhyaśca púruṣebhyaścāstu mā́ no hiṃsīdihá devāḥ kapóta:. - Let not the winged Arrow distract us: beside the fire-place, on the hearth it settles.
May, it bring welfare to our men and cattle: here let the Dove, ye Gods, forbear to harm us.
- hetíḥ pakṣíṇī ná dabhātyasmā́nāṣṭryā́ṃ padáṃ kṛṇute agnidhā́ne.
- हे॒तिः प॒क्षिणी॒ न द॑भात्य॒स्माना॒ष्ट्र्यां प॒दं कृ॑णुते अग्नि॒धाने॑।
- person, officer, functionary, attendant, servant
- (Vedic religion) Purusha, the divine being from whom the universe is said to be originated
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.90.1:
- स॒हस्र॑शीर्षा॒ पुरु॑षः सहस्रा॒क्षः स॒हस्र॑पात्।
स भूमिं॑ वि॒श्वतो॑ वृ॒त्वात्य॑तिष्ठद्दशाङ्गु॒लम्॥- sahásraśīrṣā púruṣaḥ sahasrākṣáḥ sahásrapāt.
sá bhū́miṃ viśváto vṛtvā́tyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulám. - Puruṣa, who has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet, investing the earth in all directions, exceeds (it by a space) measuring ten fingers.
- sahásraśīrṣā púruṣaḥ sahasrākṣáḥ sahásrapāt.
- स॒हस्र॑शीर्षा॒ पुरु॑षः सहस्रा॒क्षः स॒हस्र॑पात्।
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of पुरुष (púruṣa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पुरुषः púruṣaḥ |
पुरुषौ / पुरुषा¹ púruṣau / púruṣā¹ |
पुरुषाः / पुरुषासः¹ púruṣāḥ / púruṣāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | पुरुष púruṣa |
पुरुषौ / पुरुषा¹ púruṣau / púruṣā¹ |
पुरुषाः / पुरुषासः¹ púruṣāḥ / púruṣāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | पुरुषम् púruṣam |
पुरुषौ / पुरुषा¹ púruṣau / púruṣā¹ |
पुरुषान् púruṣān |
Instrumental | पुरुषेण púruṣeṇa |
पुरुषाभ्याम् púruṣābhyām |
पुरुषैः / पुरुषेभिः¹ púruṣaiḥ / púruṣebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | पुरुषाय púruṣāya |
पुरुषाभ्याम् púruṣābhyām |
पुरुषेभ्यः púruṣebhyaḥ |
Ablative | पुरुषात् púruṣāt |
पुरुषाभ्याम् púruṣābhyām |
पुरुषेभ्यः púruṣebhyaḥ |
Genitive | पुरुषस्य púruṣasya |
पुरुषयोः púruṣayoḥ |
पुरुषाणाम् púruṣāṇām |
Locative | पुरुषे púruṣe |
पुरुषयोः púruṣayoḥ |
पुरुषेषु púruṣeṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Hindustani:
- Punjabi:
- → Assamese: পুৰুষ (purux)
- → Bengali: পুরুষ (puruś)
- → Gujarati: પુરુષ (puruṣ)
- → Hindi: पुरुष (puruṣ)
- → Urdu: پرش (puruś)
- → Kannada: ಪುರುಷ (puruṣa)
- → Khmer: ប្រុស (proh)
- → Lao: ບຸຣຸດ (bu rut)
- → Old Marathi:
- → Marathi: पुरुष (puruṣ)
- → Tamil: புருஷன் (puruṣaṉ, “husband, man, manhood, life, people”)
- → Telugu: పురుషుడు (puruṣuḍu)
- → Thai: บุรุษ (bù-rùt)
- → Sinhalese: පුරුෂ (puruṣa)
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “púruṣa”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 150
Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- hi:People
- hi:Male people
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi masculine nouns
- mr:People
- mr:Male people
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- sa:Vedic religion
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- sa:People
- sa:Plants
- sa:Poetry
- sa:Astrology
- sa:Male people