gigno

Latin

Alternative forms

• genō

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵíǵnh₁-, the reduplicated present stem of *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate to Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being, to be born, to take place”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡiɡ.noː/, [ˈɡɪŋnoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒiɲ.ɲo/, [ˈd͡ʒiɲːo]

Verb

gignō (present infinitive gignere, perfect active genuī, supine genitum); third conjugation

1. to bring forth as a fruit of oneself: to bear, to beget, to engender, to give birth to

   Synonyms: genō, prōcreō, suscipiō, prōdō, pario, creō, enitor, cōnītor, ēdō, efficiō

   Antonyms: necō, interimō, caedō, obtruncō

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.17.25:

     Īra patris fīlius stultus: et dolor mātris quae genuit eum.

     A foolish son is the anger of the father: and the sorrow of the mother that bore him.
     (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

2. (by said means): to produce, to cause, to yield
3. (in the passive voice): to be born, to be begotten, to be engendered, to be produced, etc.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of gignō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	gignō	gignis	gignit	gignimus	gignitis	gignunt
	imperfect	gignēbam	gignēbās	gignēbat	gignēbāmus	gignēbātis	gignēbant
	future	gignam	gignēs	gignet	gignēmus	gignētis	gignent
	perfect	genuī	genuistī	genuit	genuimus	genuistis	genuērunt, genuēre
	pluperfect	genueram	genuerās	genuerat	genuerāmus	genuerātis	genuerant
	future perfect	genuerō	genueris	genuerit	genuerimus	genueritis	genuerint
passive	present	gignor	gigneris, gignere	gignitur	gignimur	gigniminī	gignuntur
	imperfect	gignēbar	gignēbāris, gignēbāre	gignēbātur	gignēbāmur	gignēbāminī	gignēbantur
	future	gignar	gignēris, gignēre	gignētur	gignēmur	gignēminī	gignentur
	perfect	genitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	genitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	genitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	gignam	gignās	gignat	gignāmus	gignātis	gignant
imperfect	gignerem	gignerēs	gigneret	gignerēmus	gignerētis	gignerent
perfect	genuerim	genuerīs	genuerit	genuerīmus	genuerītis	genuerint
pluperfect	genuissem	genuissēs	genuisset	genuissēmus	genuissētis	genuissent
passive	present	gignar	gignāris, gignāre	gignātur	gignāmur	gignāminī	gignantur
imperfect	gignerer	gignerēris, gignerēre	gignerētur	gignerēmur	gignerēminī	gignerentur
perfect	genitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	genitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	gigne	—	—	gignite	—
	future	—	gignitō	gignitō	—	gignitōte	gignuntō
passive	present	—	gignere	—	—	gigniminī	—
	future	—	gignitor	gignitor	—	—	gignuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		gignere	genuisse	genitūrum esse	gignī	genitum esse	genitum īrī
participles		gignēns	—	genitūrus	—	genitus	gignendus, gignundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		gignendī	gignendō	gignendum	gignendō	genitum	genitū

Derived terms

• genitus
• genetīvus

Related terms

• genus
• gēns
• gnātus, nātus

Descendants

• Old French: genoir, genuir (from perfectum form genui)
  • French: congénuir (outdated), engénoïr (outdated)

Further reading

• “gigno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gigno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gigno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae terra gignit
    
  • the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae e terra gignuntur