fundo
See also: fundó
Catalan
[edit]Verb
[edit]fundo
Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Borrowed from Latin fundus. Doublet of fono. First attested in Zamenhof's Unua Libro (1887).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]fundo (accusative singular fundon, plural fundoj, accusative plural fundojn)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “fundo”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
- “fundo”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026
Galician
[edit]Verb
[edit]fundo
Interlingua
[edit]Noun
[edit]fundo (plural fundos)
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]fundo
Latin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈfʊn.doː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈfun.do]
Etymology 1
[edit]Etymology tree
From Proto-Italic *hundō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-né-d-ti ~ *ǵʰu-n-d-énti, nasal infix present of the root *ǵʰew-d- (“to pour”), extended from *ǵʰew-.
The change from Proto-Italic *h- to Latin f- is unique to this word;[1] Weiss takes it as regular before *-u-.[2] The perfect form fūdī is potentially the continuation of a PIE root aorist *ǵʰéwd-t ~ *ǵʰud-ént.[3] The perfect participle fūsus could continue an earlier participle *ǵʰud-tós.[4] Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō) and Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (giutan).[2]
Verb
[edit]fundō (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive
- (transitive) to pour out, shed
- (transitive) to melt, cast, found, make by smelting
- (military) to overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy, rout, scatter
- to throw or cast to the ground, prostrate
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.192–193:
- nec prius absistit quam septem ingentia victor
corpora fundat humī et numerum cum nāvibus aequet.- Nor does it stop before [Aeneas], [as] victor, throws seven huge bodies to the ground, and equals the number with his ships.
(The deer hunt shows Aeneas’s potential to be a military leader; note Virgil’s use of the present anticipatory subjunctive – “fundat” and “aequet” – to express purposeful actions.)
- Nor does it stop before [Aeneas], [as] victor, throws seven huge bodies to the ground, and equals the number with his ships.
- nec prius absistit quam septem ingentia victor
- (transitive, figuratively) to moisten, wet
- (transitive) to extend, spread out
- Synonym: sternō
- (transitive) to utter
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- →⇒ English: fuse
- Catalan: fondre
- Friulian: fondi
- Italian: fondere
- Old French: fondre
- Old Galician-Portuguese: fondir
- Old Spanish: fundir
- Sardinian: fundere
- Sicilian: fùnniri
- Venetan: fóndar
- →? Asturian: fundir
- →? Galician: fundir
- → Old Spanish: fundir
- →? Portuguese: fundir
- → Proto-Brythonic: *fünnɨd
References
[edit]- “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “fundo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- fundo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the earth brings forth fruit abundantly: terra fundit fruges
- to write poetry with facility: carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50)
- property in land; real property: fundi
- to rout the enemy's forces: fundere hostium copias
- to utterly rout the enemy: caedere et fundere hostem
- to utterly rout the enemy: fundere et fugare hostem
- the earth brings forth fruit abundantly: terra fundit fruges
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “fŭndere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3: D–F, page 863
Etymology 2
[edit]Etymology tree
From fundus (“bottom, lowest point”) + -ō.
Verb
[edit]fundō (present infinitive fundāre, perfect active fundāvī, supine fundātum); first conjugation
- (transitive) to found, establish, lay the foundation
- Synonyms: exaedificō, inaedificō, aedificō, condō, struō, cōnstruō, compōnō, cōnstituō, statuō, mōlior
- (transitive, figuratively) to secure, make firm
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of fundō (first conjugation)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]fundō
Etymology 4
[edit]Seemingly from fundō, -ere + -ō. Perhaps remodeled by analogy with Oscan first conjugation perfect subjunctives marked by the sequence -tt-i-.[5]
Verb
[edit]fundō (present infinitive fundāre, perfect active fundāvī, supine fundātum); first conjugation (dialectal)
- synonym of fundō, fundere
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of fundō (first conjugation)
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fundō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 249–250
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, pages 77–78
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g̑ʰeu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 179
- ^ Leppänen, Ville (2019), Ablaut and the Latin Verb: Aspects of Morphophonological Change (PhD Dissertation)[1], Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, , page 81
- ^ Bodel, John (1994), “Graveyards and Groves A Study of the Lex Lucerina”, in American Journal of Ancient History[2], Cambridge, Massachushetts, archived from the original on 1 October 2026, page 30
- ^ Warmington, E. H. (1940), Remains of Old Latin (Loeb Classical Library)[3], Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 155
Further reading
[edit]- “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “fundo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “fŭndare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3: D–F, page 863
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese fundo, fondo, from Latin fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.
Adjective
[edit]fundo (feminine funda, masculine plural fundos, feminine plural fundas)
- deep (having its bottom far down)
- Synonym: profundo
- Antonyms: raso, superficial
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]fundo m (plural fundos)
- bottom
- Antonyms: cume, superfície, topo
- background (a part of the picture that depicts scenery to the rear or behind the main subject)
- fund
- (finance, insurance) capital (money and wealth)
- (sports) long-distance
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]fundo
- first-person singular present indicative of fundar
- fundo uma instituição ― I am founding an institution
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]fundo
- first-person singular present indicative of fundir
- fundo ouro ― I am smelting gold
Further reading
[edit]- “fundo”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
- “fundo”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
- “fundo”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
- “fundo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Etymology tree
Learned borrowing from Latin fundus. Doublet of fondo.
Noun
[edit]fundo m (plural fundos)
- country estate, farm
- Synonym: finca
- 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 197:
- La primitiva dueña de este fundo, una señora viuda de mucha virtud, hermosura y dinero, buscando la manera unir ambas secciones de su propiedad, pactó con el Diablo la construcción del puente dicho.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]fundo
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]fundo
Further reading
[edit]- “fundo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025
Swahili
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *i̧fu̧ndo, from Common Bantu *ìkúndò. Cognate with Ngazidja Comorian funɗo and Giryama fundo.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]fundo class V (plural mafundo class VI)
Related terms
[edit]Categories:
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- Esperanto terms derived from Latin
- Esperanto terms borrowed from Latin
- Esperanto terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰudʰmḗn
- Esperanto terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Esperanto terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Esperanto terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-
- Esperanto doublets
- Esperanto 2-syllable words
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/undo
- Rhymes:Esperanto/undo/2 syllables
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto nouns
- Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro
- Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua nouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰew-
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰewd-
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin lemmas
- Latin verbs
- Latin transitive verbs
- la:Military
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin third conjugation verbs
- Latin third conjugation verbs with irregular perfect
- Latin verbs with third-person passive
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰudʰmḗn
- Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)
- Latin first conjugation verbs
- Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin noun forms
- Latin dialectal terms
- Latin terms infixed with -n-
- la:Liquids
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ũdu
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ũdu/2 syllables
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese adjectives
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Finance
- pt:Insurance
- pt:Sports
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/undo
- Rhymes:Spanish/undo/2 syllables
- Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-
- Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰudʰmḗn
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish learned borrowings from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish doublets
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Spanish terms with quotations
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Swahili terms derived from Common Bantu
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Sabaki
- Swahili terms inherited from Common Bantu
- Swahili terms derived from the Common Bantu root *-kúnd-
- Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Sabaki
- Swahili terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swahili terms with audio pronunciation
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili nouns
- Swahili class V nouns
- sw:Anatomy