funda

See also: Funda, fundá, and fundà

Languages (21)

English

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Asturian • Catalan • Fanagalo • Galician • Icelandic • Kituba • Kongo • Latin • Lingala • Northern Ndebele • Portuguese • Romanian • Shona • Southern Ndebele • Spanish • Swahili • Tooro • Turkish • Xhosa • Zulu

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Page categories

English

Etymology

Contraction of fundamental, originating in Indian English.

Noun

funda (countable and uncountable, plural fundas or fundae or fundaes)

1. (India) Basics or fundamentals, considered as a unit.

   Get your funda correct before you submit the paper.

   What is the funda behind relativity?

   • 1992 [1]

     In my opinion, the funda is as follows:

2. (India) Understanding.
   • 1993, [2]

     You did not have the funda to realize that the statistics is an ass.

   • 1993, [3]

     But then, your funda is weak.

Usage notes

Whilst fundaes and fundae both occur as the plural of funda, fundas is far more widespread. The pluralization to fundae is by analogy to formula/formulae. The pluralization to fundas is by the simple addition of -s.

The word is frequently used in Indian quizzing circles to denote the interesting fact or concept behind a question.

See also

• fundu

References

• Usenet posting by Sivakumar Ravada, prescribing fundae as the plural
• IITM lingo, accessed on 2005-05-09, prescribing fundaes as the plural
• The Fundoo Funda, some comments about the words funda and fundoo.

Asturian

Alternative forms

• flunda

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin funda (“bag”). Doublet of flonda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfunda/ [ˈfũn̪.d̪a]
• Rhymes: -unda
• Syllabification: fun‧da

Noun

funda f (plural fundes)

1. cover, case
2. overalls

Derived terms

• alfunda (“pillowcase”)

Further reading

• “funda”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN
• García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2002–2004), “funda”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (overall work in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ˈfun.də]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈfun.da]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”). Doublet of fona.

Noun

funda f (plural fundes)

1. cover, sheath

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “funda”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)
• “funda”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “funda”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -funda, from Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

funda

1. to learn
2. to study
3. to read

Galician

Etymology 1

Attested with this meaning since the 14th century. Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”), from Latin funda. Doublet of fonda. Compare Portuguese fonda and Spanish funda and honda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfundɐ]

Noun

funda f (plural fundas)

1. case, cover

   Synonym: estoxo

   • c. 1350, Lourdes Soriano, editor, Livro de Tristan:

     Quando eles uirõ Lãça[rote] nõ no conoçerõ porque fezera el meter seu escudo em sua fonda

     When they saw Lancelot they didn't recognise him, because he ordered to put his shield inside its case

2. overalls

   Synonym: mono

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “funda”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “funda”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “funda”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology 2

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfʏnta]
• Rhymes: -ʏnta

Etymology 1

From fundur m (“meeting”) +‎ -a (denominal suffix).

Verb

funda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative fundaði, supine fundað)

1. (intransitive) to meet, to gather

Conjugation

funda – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að funda
supine sagnbót		fundað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		fundandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	funda	fundaði		fundi	fundaði
	þú	fundar	fundaðir		fundir	fundaðir
	hann, hún, það	fundar	fundaði		fundi	fundaði
plural	við	fundum	funduðum		fundum	funduðum
	þið	fundið	funduðuð		fundið	funduðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	funda	funduðu		fundi	funduðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	funda (þú), fundaðu
plural	þið	fundið (þið), fundiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Etymology 2

Inflected form of fundur (“meeting”).

Noun

funda

1. indefinite genitive plural of fundur

Kituba

Verb

funda

1. to accuse

Kongo

Verb

funda

1. to accuse

Latin

Puella funda utens

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰondʰeh₂, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”), whence English bind. Alternatively, a loanword from an unknown language, which may also have been the source of Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfʊn.da]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfun.da]

Noun

funda f (genitive fundae); first declension

1. a hand-sling

   Coordinate term: fustibalus (“a sling-staff, a stick sling”)

   Meronyms: verber, lōrum

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	funda	fundae
genitive	fundae	fundārum
dative	fundae	fundīs
accusative	fundam	fundās
ablative	fundā	fundīs
vocative	funda	fundae

Derived terms

• fundifōrmis (New Latin)
• funditor
• *fundula (diminutive) (Vulgar Latin)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fundla (contraction)
    • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flunda (metathesis)

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: fionda
  • Sicilian: ciunna
• Gallo-Romance:
  • French: fronde
    • → Italian: fronda
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: flonda, flondia
  • Galician: zondra

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: funda
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: fonda
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: fona
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: fonda
  • Asturian: fonda
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: fonda
    • Galician: fonda
  • Old Spanish: fonda
    • Spanish: honda
• Borrowings:
  • → Asturian: funda, flunda, ⇒ alfunda
  • → Catalan: funda
  • → Galician: funda
  • → Koine Greek: φοῦνδα (phoûnda)
    • → Greek: φούντα (foúnta, “tuft”)
  • → Portuguese: funda
  • → Spanish: funda

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfʊn.daː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfun.da]

Verb

fundā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of fundō

Further reading

• “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "funda", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “funda”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “funda”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Lingala

Etymology

Borrowed from Kongo funda.

Verb

-funda (infinitive kofunda)

1. to accuse

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfũ.dɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfũ.dɐ/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin funda (“sling”).

Noun

funda f (plural fundas)

1. sling (cloth weapon)
   • Bible, 1 Samuel 17:50

     Portanto, Davi, com uma funda e uma pedra, mostrou ser mais forte que o filisteu, e o entregou à morte, e não havia espada na mão de Davi.

     So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.

   Synonyms: fundíbulo, catapulta

2. catapult, slingshot (elastic weapon)

   Synonyms: estilingue, atiradeira, bodoque

3. sling (hanging bandage)

   Synonym: tipoia

Related terms

• fundeiro, fundibulário, fundista, fustíbalo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

funda

1. feminine singular of fundo

Etymology 3

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “funda”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “funda”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French fonder, based on Romanian fund.

Verb

a funda (third-person singular present fundează, past participle fundat) 1st conjugation

1. to found, set a foundation

   Synonyms: întemeia, înființa

Conjugation

    conjugation of funda (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a funda
gerund			fundând
past participle			fundat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	fundez	fundezi	fundează	fundăm	fundați	fundează
	imperfect	fundam	fundai	funda	fundam	fundați	fundau
	simple perfect	fundai	fundași	fundă	fundarăm	fundarăți	fundară
	pluperfect	fundasem	fundaseși	fundase	fundaserăm	fundaserăți	fundaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să fundez	să fundezi	să fundeze	să fundăm	să fundați	să fundeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		fundează			fundați
	negative		nu funda			nu fundați

Related terms

• fundament
• fundație
• fund

Shona

Etymology

From a Nguni language; compare Zulu -funda.

Verb

-fúndá (infinitive kufúndá)

1. study
2. learn

   Synonym: -dzidza

Derived terms

• mufundi

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Alternative forms

• hunda (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfunda/ [ˈfũn̪.d̪a]
• Rhymes: -unda
• Syllabification: fun‧da

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”).

Noun

funda f (plural fundas)

1. a case, a covering or bag used to wrap something up and protect it
2. (Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Ecuador) a bag made of paper or plastic

   Synonyms: bolsa, saco

3. (Bolivia) a female undergarment similar to a skirt

Derived terms

• enfundar
• funda de almohada (“pillowcase”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “funda”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

References

• Alba, Orlando (2004), Cómo hablamos los dominicanos: un enfoque sociolingüístico‎^[4] (overall work in Spanish), Santo Domingo: Grupo León Jimenes, →ISBN

Swahili

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-fu̧nda, from Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

In Sabaki, cognate with Ngazidja Comorian -funɗa. Other Bantu cognates include Zulu -fúnda.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-funda (infinitive kufunda)

1. to instruct, teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of -funda
Positive present -nafunda Subjunctive -funde Negative -fundi Imperative singular funda
Infinitives
Positive kufunda Negative kutofunda
Imperatives
Singular funda Plural fundeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hufunda Positive past positive subject concord + -lifunda Negative past negative subject concord + -kufunda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nafunda) Singular Plural 1st person ninafunda/nafunda tunafunda 2nd person unafunda mnafunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anafunda wanafunda other classes positive subject concord + -nafunda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -fundi) Singular Plural 1st person sifundi hatufundi 2nd person hufundi hamfundi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hafundi hawafundi other classes negative subject concord + -fundi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tafunda Negative future negative subject concord + -tafunda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -funde) Singular Plural 1st person nifunde tufunde 2nd person ufunde mfunde 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afunde wafunde other classes positive subject concord + -funde
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sifunde Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngefunda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singefunda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalifunda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalifunda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afunda) Singular Plural 1st person nafunda twafunda 2nd person wafunda mwafunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afunda wafunda m-mi(III/IV) wafunda yafunda ji-ma(V/VI) lafunda yafunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chafunda vyafunda n(IX/X) yafunda zafunda u(XI) wafunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwafunda pa(XVI) pafunda mu(XVIII) mwafunda
Perfect positive subject concord + -mefunda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshafunda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jafunda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kifunda "If not" positive subject concord + -sipofunda Consecutive kafunda / positive subject concord + -kafunda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kafunde
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nifunda -tufunda 2nd person -kufunda -wafunda/-kufundeni/-wafundeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mfunda -wafunda m-mi(III/IV) -ufunda -ifunda ji-ma(V/VI) -lifunda -yafunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kifunda -vifunda n(IX/X) -ifunda -zifunda u(XI) -ufunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kufunda pa(XVI) -pafunda mu(XVIII) -mufunda Reflexive -jifunda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -funda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -fundaye -fundao m-mi(III/IV) -fundao -fundayo ji-ma(V/VI) -fundalo -fundayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -fundacho -fundavyo n(IX/X) -fundayo -fundazo u(XI) -fundao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -fundako pa(XVI) -fundapo mu(XVIII) -fundamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -funda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yefunda -ofunda m-mi(III/IV) -ofunda -yofunda ji-ma(V/VI) -lofunda -yofunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chofunda -vyofunda n(IX/X) -yofunda -zofunda u(XI) -ofunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kofunda pa(XVI) -pofunda mu(XVIII) -mofunda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -fundisha, -funza

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-kúnda (“be narrow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fúːnda/

Verb

-funda (infinitive okufunda) (intransitive)

1. to be narrow

   Antonyms: -galiha, -gazi (adjective)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -funda

infinitives affirmative okufunda negative okutafunda imperatives affirmative funda negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms) tense polarity basic forms relative forms1 present habitual affirmative subject concord + -funda person noun class singular plural first person nfunda tufunda second person ofunda mufunda third person 1/2 afunda bafunda 3/4 gufunda efunda 5/6 lifunda gafunda 7/8 kifunda bifunda 9/10 efunda zifunda 11/10 rufunda 12/14 kafunda bufunda 13 — tufunda 14/6 bufunda gafunda 15/6 kufunda 16 hafunda — negative ti- + subject concord + -funda person noun class singular plural first person tinfunda titufunda second person tofunda timufunda third person 1/2 tafunda tibafunda 3/4 tigufunda tefunda 5/6 tirifunda tigafunda 7/8 tikifunda tibifunda 9/10 tefunda tizifunda 11/10 tirufunda 12/14 tikafunda tibufunda 13 — titufunda 14/6 tibufunda tigafunda 15/6 tikufunda 16 tihafunda — subject concord + -tafunda present continuous affirmative ni- + subject concord + -funda person noun class singular plural first person ninfunda nitufunda second person noofunda nimufunda third person 1/2 naafunda nibafunda 3/4 nigufunda neefunda 5/6 nirifunda nigafunda 7/8 nikifunda nibifunda 9/10 neefunda nizifunda 11/10 nirufunda 12/14 nikafunda nibufunda 13 — nitufunda 14/6 nibufunda nigafunda 15/6 nikufunda 16 nihafunda — subject concord + -rukufunda negative ti- + subject concord + -rukufunda person noun class singular plural first person tindukufunda titurukufunda second person torukufunda timurukufunda third person 1/2 tarukufunda tibarukufunda 3/4 tigurukufunda terukufunda 5/6 tirirukufunda tigarukufunda 7/8 tikirukufunda tibirukufunda 9/10 terukufunda tizirukufunda 11/10 tirurukufunda 12/14 tikarukufunda tiburukufunda 13 — titurukufunda 14/6 tiburukufunda tigarukufunda 15/6 tikurukufunda 16 tiharukufunda — subject concord + -tarukufunda present continuative affirmative ni- + subject concord + -kyafunda person noun class singular plural first person ninkyafunda nitukyafunda second person nookyafunda nimukyafunda third person 1/2 naakyafunda nibakyafunda 3/4 nigukyafunda neekyafunda 5/6 nirikyafunda nigakyafunda 7/8 nikikyafunda nibikyafunda 9/10 neekyafunda nizikyafunda 11/10 nirukyafunda 12/14 nikakyafunda nibukyafunda 13 — nitukyafunda 14/6 nibukyafunda nigakyafunda 15/6 nikukyafunda 16 nihakyafunda — subject concord + -rukukyafunda negative ti- + subject concord + -kyafunda person noun class singular plural first person tinkyafunda titukyafunda second person tokyafunda timukyafunda third person 1/2 takyafunda tibakyafunda 3/4 tigukyafunda tekyafunda 5/6 tirikyafunda tigakyafunda 7/8 tikikyafunda tibikyafunda 9/10 tekyafunda tizikyafunda 11/10 tirukyafunda 12/14 tikakyafunda tibukyafunda 13 — titukyafunda 14/6 tibukyafunda tigakyafunda 15/6 tikukyafunda 16 tihakyafunda — subject concord + -takyafunda virtual present affirmative subject concord + -afunda person noun class singular plural first person nafunda twafunda second person wafunda mwafunda third person 1/2 yafunda baafunda 3/4 gwafunda yafunda 5/6 lyafunda gaafunda 7/8 kyafunda byafunda 9/10 yafunda zaafunda 11/10 rwafunda 12/14 kaafunda bwafunda 13 — twafunda 14/6 bwafunda gaafunda 15/6 kwafunda 16 haafunda — negative ti- + subject concord + afunda person noun class singular plural first person tinafunda titwafunda second person tiwafunda timwafunda third person 1/2 tiyafunda tibaafunda 3/4 tigwafunda tiyafunda 5/6 tiryafunda tigaafunda 7/8 tikyafunda tibyafunda 9/10 tiyafunda tizaafunda 11/10 tirwafunda 12/14 tikaafunda tibwafunda 13 — titwafunda 14/6 tibwafunda tigaafunda 15/6 tikwafunda 16 tihaafunda — subject concord + -taafunda present perfect affirmative subject concord + -funzire person noun class singular plural first person nfunzire tufunzire second person ofunzire mufunzire third person 1/2 afunzire bafunzire 3/4 gufunzire efunzire 5/6 lifunzire gafunzire 7/8 kifunzire bifunzire 9/10 efunzire zifunzire 11/10 rufunzire 12/14 kafunzire bufunzire 13 — tufunzire 14/6 bufunzire gafunzire 15/6 kufunzire 16 hafunzire — negative ti- + subject concord + -funzire person noun class singular plural first person tinfunzire titufunzire second person tofunzire timufunzire third person 1/2 tafunzire tibafunzire 3/4 tigufunzire tefunzire 5/6 tirifunzire tigafunzire 7/8 tikifunzire tibifunzire 9/10 tefunzire tizifunzire 11/10 tirufunzire 12/14 tikafunzire tibufunzire 13 — titufunzire 14/6 tibufunzire tigafunzire 15/6 tikufunzire 16 tihafunzire — subject concord + -tafunzire near perfective affirmative subject concord + -akafunda person noun class singular plural first person nakafunda twakafunda second person wakafunda mwakafunda third person 1/2 yakafunda baakafunda 3/4 gwakafunda yakafunda 5/6 lyakafunda gaakafunda 7/8 kyakafunda byakafunda 9/10 yakafunda zaakafunda 11/10 rwakafunda 12/14 kaakafunda bwakafunda 13 — twakafunda 14/6 bwakafunda gaakafunda 15/6 kwakafunda 16 haakafunda — negative ti- + subject concord + -kafunzire person noun class singular plural first person tinkafunzire titukafunzire second person tokafunzire timukafunzire third person 1/2 takafunzire tibakafunzire 3/4 tigukafunzire tekafunzire 5/6 tirikafunzire tigakafunzire 7/8 tikikafunzire tibikafunzire 9/10 tekafunzire tizikafunzire 11/10 tirukafunzire 12/14 tikakafunzire tibukafunzire 13 — titukafunzire 14/6 tibukafunzire tigakafunzire 15/6 tikukafunzire 16 tihakafunzire — subject concord + -takafunzire near past affirmative subject concord + -funzirege person noun class singular plural first person nfunzirege tufunzirege second person ofunzirege mufunzirege third person 1/2 afunzirege bafunzirege 3/4 gufunzirege efunzirege 5/6 lifunzirege gafunzirege 7/8 kifunzirege bifunzirege 9/10 efunzirege zifunzirege 11/10 rufunzirege 12/14 kafunzirege bufunzirege 13 — tufunzirege 14/6 bufunzirege gafunzirege 15/6 kufunzirege 16 hafunzirege — negative ti- + subject concord + -funzirege person noun class singular plural first person tinfunzirege titufunzirege second person tofunzirege timufunzirege third person 1/2 tafunzirege tibafunzirege 3/4 tigufunzirege tefunzirege 5/6 tirifunzirege tigafunzirege 7/8 tikifunzirege tibifunzirege 9/10 tefunzirege tizifunzirege 11/10 tirufunzirege 12/14 tikafunzirege tibufunzirege 13 — titufunzirege 14/6 tibufunzirege tigafunzirege 15/6 tikufunzirege 16 tihafunzirege — subject concord + -tafunzirege remote past affirmative subject concord + -kafunda person noun class singular plural first person nkafunda tukafunda second person okafunda mukafunda third person 1/2 akafunda bakafunda 3/4 gukafunda ekafunda 5/6 likafunda gakafunda 7/8 kikafunda bikafunda 9/10 ekafunda zikafunda 11/10 rukafunda 12/14 kakafunda bukafunda 13 — tukafunda 14/6 bukafunda gakafunda 15/6 kukafunda 16 hakafunda — subject concord + -afunzire negative subject concord + -tafunde person noun class singular plural first person ntafunde tutafunde second person otafunde mutafunde third person 1/2 atafunde batafunde 3/4 gutafunde etafunde 5/6 litafunde gatafunde 7/8 kitafunde bitafunde 9/10 etafunde ziitafunde 11/10 rutafunde 12/14 katafunde butafunde 13 — tutafunde 14/6 butafunde gatafunde 15/6 kutafunde 16 hatafunde — subject concord + -tarafunzire experiential perfective affirmative subject concord + -rafunzire person noun class singular plural first person ndafunzire turafunzire second person orafunzire murafunzire third person 1/2 arafunzire barafunzire 3/4 gurafunzire erafunzire 5/6 lirafunzire garafunzire 7/8 kirafunzire birafunzire 9/10 erafunzire zirafunzire 11/10 rurafunzire 12/14 karafunzire burafunzire 13 — turafunzire 14/6 burafunzire garafunzire 15/6 kurafunzire 16 harafunzire — negative ti- + subject concord + -kafundaga person noun class singular plural first person tinkafundaga titukafundaga second person tokafundaga timukafundaga third person 1/2 takafundaga tibakafundaga 3/4 tigukafundaga tekafundaga 5/6 tirikafundaga tigakafundaga 7/8 tikikafundaga tibikafundaga 9/10 tekafundaga tizikafundaga 11/10 tirukafundaga 12/14 tikakafundaga tibukafundaga 13 — titukafundaga 14/6 tibukafundaga tigakafundaga 15/6 tikukafundaga 16 tihakafundaga — subject concord + -takafundaga cessative perfective affirmative subject concord + -aafunzire person noun class singular plural first person naafunzire twafunzire second person waafunzire mwafunzire third person 1/2 yaafunzire baafunzire 3/4 gwafunzire yaafunzire 5/6 lyafunzire gaafunzire 7/8 kyafunzire byafunzire 9/10 yaafunzire zaafunzire 11/10 rwafunzire 12/14 kaafunzire bwafunzire 13 — twafunzire 14/6 bwafunzire gaafunzire 15/6 kwafunzire 16 haafunzire — past habitual affirmative subject concord + -afundaga person noun class singular plural first person nafundaga twafundaga second person wafundaga mwafundaga third person 1/2 yafundaga baafundaga 3/4 gwafundaga yafundaga 5/6 lyafundaga gaafundaga 7/8 kyafundaga byafundaga 9/10 yafundaga zaafundaga 11/10 rwafundaga 12/14 kaafundaga bwafundaga 13 — twafundaga 14/6 bwafundaga gaafundaga 15/6 kwafundaga 16 haafundaga — negative ti- + subject concord + afundaga person noun class singular plural first person tinafundaga titwafundaga second person tiwafundaga timwafundaga third person 1/2 tiyafundaga tibaafundaga 3/4 tigwafundaga tiyafundaga 5/6 tiryafundaga tigaafundaga 7/8 tikyafundaga tibyafundaga 9/10 tiyafundaga tizaafundaga 11/10 tirwafundaga 12/14 tikaafundaga tibwafundaga 13 — titwafundaga 14/6 tibwafundaga tigaafundaga 15/6 tikwafundaga 16 tihaafundaga — subject concord + -taafundaga near future affirmative subject concord + -raafunda person noun class singular plural first person ndaafunda turaafunda second person oraafunda muraafunda third person 1/2 araafunda baraafunda 3/4 guraafunda eraafunda 5/6 liraafunda garaafunda 7/8 kiraafunda biraafunda 9/10 eraafunda ziraafunda 11/10 ruraafunda 12/14 karaafunda buraafunda 13 — turaafunda 14/6 buraafunda garaafunda 15/6 kuraafunda 16 haraafunda — negative ti- + subject concord + -aafunde person noun class singular plural first person tinaafunde titwafunde second person tiwaafunde timwafunde third person 1/2 tiyaafunde tibaafunde 3/4 tigwafunde tiyaafunde 5/6 tiryafunde tigaafunde 7/8 tikyafunde tibyafunde 9/10 tiyaafunde tizaafunde 11/10 tirwafunde 12/14 tikaafunde tibwafunde 13 — titwafunde 14/6 tibwafunde tigaafunde 15/6 tikwafunde 16 tihaafunde — subject concord + -taafunde remote future affirmative subject concord + -lifunda person noun class singular plural first person ndifunda tulifunda second person olifunda mulifunda third person 1/2 alifunda balifunda 3/4 gulifunda erifunda 5/6 lirifunda galifunda 7/8 kirifunda birifunda 9/10 erifunda zirifunda 11/10 rulifunda 12/14 kalifunda bulifunda 13 — tulifunda 14/6 bulifunda galifunda 15/6 kulifunda 16 halifunda — negative ti- + subject concord + -lifunda person noun class singular plural first person tindifunda titulifunda second person tolifunda timulifunda third person 1/2 talifunda tibalifunda 3/4 tigulifunda terifunda 5/6 tiririfunda tigalifunda 7/8 tikirifunda tibirifunda 9/10 terifunda tizirifunda 11/10 tirulifunda 12/14 tikalifunda tibulifunda 13 — titulifunda 14/6 tibulifunda tigalifunda 15/6 tikulifunda 16 tihalifunda — subject concord + -talifunda future habitual affirmative subject concord + -raafundaga person noun class singular plural first person ndaafundaga turaafundaga second person oraafundaga muraafundaga third person 1/2 araafundaga baraafundaga 3/4 guraafundaga eraafundaga 5/6 liraafundaga garaafundaga 7/8 kiraafundaga biraafundaga 9/10 eraafundaga ziraafundaga 11/10 ruraafundaga 12/14 karaafundaga buraafundaga 13 — turaafundaga 14/6 buraafundaga garaafundaga 15/6 kuraafundaga 16 haraafundaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -aafundege person noun class singular plural first person tinaafundege titwafundege second person tiwaafundege timwafundege third person 1/2 tiyaafundege tibaafundege 3/4 tigwafundege tiyaafundege 5/6 tiryafundege tigaafundege 7/8 tikyafundege tibyafundege 9/10 tiyaafundege tizaafundege 11/10 tirwafundege 12/14 tikaafundege tibwafundege 13 — titwafundege 14/6 tibwafundege tigaafundege 15/6 tikwafundege 16 tihaafundege — subject concord + -taafundege subjunctive affirmative subject concord + funde person noun class singular plural first person nfunde tufunde second person ofunde mufunde third person 1/2 afunde bafunde 3/4 gufunde efunde 5/6 lifunde gafunde 7/8 kifunde bifunde 9/10 efunde zifunde 11/10 rufunde 12/14 kafunde bufunde 13 — tufunde 14/6 bufunde gafunde 15/6 kufunde 16 hafunde — negative subject concord + -tafunda person noun class singular plural first person ntafunda tutafunda second person otafunda mutafunda third person 1/2 atafunda batafunda 3/4 gutafunda etafunda 5/6 litafunda gatafunda 7/8 kitafunda bitafunda 9/10 etafunda zitafunda 11/10 rutafunda 12/14 katafunda butafunda 13 — tutafunda 14/6 butafunda gatafunda 15/6 kutafunda 16 hatafunda — — subjunctive habitual affirmative subject concord + fundege person noun class singular plural first person nfundege tufundege second person ofundege mufundege third person 1/2 afundege bafundege 3/4 gufundege efundege 5/6 lifundege gafundege 7/8 kifundege bifundege 9/10 efundege zifundege 11/10 rufundege 12/14 kafundege bufundege 13 — tufundege 14/6 bufundege gafundege 15/6 kufundege 16 hafundege — hypothetical affirmative subject concord + -aakufunda person noun class singular plural first person naakufunda twakufunda second person waakufunda mwakufunda third person 1/2 yaakufunda baakufunda 3/4 gwakufunda yaakufunda 5/6 lyakufunda gaakufunda 7/8 kyakufunda byakufunda 9/10 yaakufunda zaakufunda 11/10 rwakufunda 12/14 kaakufunda bwakufunda 13 — twakufunda 14/6 bwakufunda gaakufunda 15/6 kwakufunda 16 haakufunda — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakufunda person noun class singular plural first person tinaakufunda titwakufunda second person tiwaakufunda timwakufunda third person 1/2 tiyaakufunda tibaakufunda 3/4 tigwakufunda tiyaakufunda 5/6 tiryakufunda tigaakufunda 7/8 tikyakufunda tibyakufunda 9/10 tiyaakufunda tizaakufunda 11/10 tirwakufunda 12/14 tikaakufunda tibwakufunda 13 — titwakufunda 14/6 tibwakufunda tigaakufunda 15/6 tikwakufunda 16 tihaakufunda — subject concord + -taakufunda conditional affirmative subject concord + -aakufunzire person noun class singular plural first person naakufunzire twakufunzire second person waakufunzire mwakufunzire third person 1/2 yaakufunzire baakufunzire 3/4 gwakufunzire yaakufunzire 5/6 lyakufunzire gaakufunzire 7/8 kyakufunzire byakufunzire 9/10 yaakufunzire zaakufunzire 11/10 rwakufunzire 12/14 kaakufunzire bwakufunzire 13 — twakufunzire 14/6 bwakufunzire gaakufunzire 15/6 kwakufunzire 16 haakufunzire — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakufunzire person noun class singular plural first person tinaakufunzire titwakufunzire second person tiwaakufunzire timwakufunzire third person 1/2 tiyaakufunzire tibaakufunzire 3/4 tigwakufunzire tiyaakufunzire 5/6 tiryakufunzire tigaakufunzire 7/8 tikyakufunzire tibyakufunzire 9/10 tiyaakufunzire tizaakufunzire 11/10 tirwakufunzire 12/14 tikaakufunzire tibwakufunzire 13 — titwakufunzire 14/6 tibwakufunzire tigaakufunzire 15/6 tikwakufunzire 16 tihaakufunzire — subject concord + -taakufunzire

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -fundira
  • Short causative: -funza (“to make narrow”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • obufunda (“narrowness”)

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[5], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 366
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[6], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 329
• Entry 8960 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish فونده (funda), from Greek φούντα (foúnta, “shrub; flake, fringe”) from Hellenistic φοῦνδα (phoûnda), from Latin funda (“hand-sling, net”).

Noun

funda (definite accusative fundayı, plural fundalar)

1. shrub, heath
2. (botanics) heath

Declension

Declension of funda

singular plural nominative funda fundalar definite accusative fundayı fundaları dative fundaya fundalara locative fundada fundalarda ablative fundadan fundalardan genitive fundanın fundaların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular fundam fundalarım 2nd singular fundan fundaların 3rd singular fundası fundaları 1st plural fundamız fundalarımız 2nd plural fundanız fundalarınız 3rd plural fundaları fundaları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular fundamı fundalarımı 2nd singular fundanı fundalarını 3rd singular fundasını fundalarını 1st plural fundamızı fundalarımızı 2nd plural fundanızı fundalarınızı 3rd plural fundalarını fundalarını dative singular plural 1st singular fundama fundalarıma 2nd singular fundana fundalarına 3rd singular fundasına fundalarına 1st plural fundamıza fundalarımıza 2nd plural fundanıza fundalarınıza 3rd plural fundalarına fundalarına locative singular plural 1st singular fundamda fundalarımda 2nd singular fundanda fundalarında 3rd singular fundasında fundalarında 1st plural fundamızda fundalarımızda 2nd plural fundanızda fundalarınızda 3rd plural fundalarında fundalarında ablative singular plural 1st singular fundamdan fundalarımdan 2nd singular fundandan fundalarından 3rd singular fundasından fundalarından 1st plural fundamızdan fundalarımızdan 2nd plural fundanızdan fundalarınızdan 3rd plural fundalarından fundalarından genitive singular plural 1st singular fundamın fundalarımın 2nd singular fundanın fundalarının 3rd singular fundasının fundalarının 1st plural fundamızın fundalarımızın 2nd plural fundanızın fundalarınızın 3rd plural fundalarının fundalarının Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular fundayım fundalarım 2nd singular fundasın fundalarsın 3rd singular funda fundadır fundalar fundalardır 1st plural fundayız fundalarız 2nd plural fundasınız fundalarsınız 3rd plural fundalar fundalardır

References

• Meyer, Gustav (1893), “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 89
• φούντα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• -fundisa

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to study
3. (transitive) to read

Inflection

tone H (infinitive ukufunda)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukufunda	ukungafundi
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	funda	-funde
plural	fundani	-fundeni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyafunda, ngifunda	engifundayo, engifunda	ngifunda	angifundi	engingafundi	ngingafundi
2nd singular	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
1st plural	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
2nd plural	niyafunda, nifunda	enifundayo, enifunda	nifunda	anifundi	eningafundi	ningafundi
class 1	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	efunda	akafundi	ongafundi	engafundi
class 2	bayafunda, bafunda	abafundayo, abafunda	befunda	abafundi	abangafundi	bengafundi
class 3	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
class 4	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
class 5	liyafunda, lifunda	elifundayo, elifunda	lifunda	alifundi	elingafundi	lingafundi
class 6	ayafunda, afunda	afundayo, afunda	efunda	awafundi	angafundi	engafundi
class 7	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
class 8	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
class 9	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
class 10	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
class 11	luyafunda, lufunda	olufundayo, olufunda	lufunda	alufundi	olungafundi	lungafundi
class 14	buyafunda, bufunda	obufundayo, obufunda	bufunda	abufundi	obungafundi	bungafundi
class 15	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
class 17	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngifundile, ngifundē	engifundile, engifundē	ngifundile, ngifundē	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nifundile, nifundē	enifundile, enifundē	nifundile, nifundē	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
class 1	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	efundile, efundē	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
class 2	bafundile, bafundē	abafundile, abafundē	befundile, befundē	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
class 3	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
class 4	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 5	lifundile, lifundē	elifundile, elifundē	lifundile, lifundē	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
class 6	afundile, afundē	afundile, afundē	efundile, efundē	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
class 7	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
class 8	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 9	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 10	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 11	lufundile, lufundē	olufundile, olufundē	lufundile, lufundē	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
class 14	bufundile, bufundē	obufundile, obufundē	bufundile, bufundē	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
class 15	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
class 17	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāfunda	engāfunda	ngāfunda	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nāfunda	enāfunda	nāfunda	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
class 1	wāfunda	owāfunda	āfunda	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
class 2	bāfunda	abāfunda	bāfunda	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
class 3	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
class 4	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 5	lāfunda	elāfunda	lāfunda	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
class 6	āfunda	āfunda	āfunda	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
class 7	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
class 8	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 9	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 10	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 11	lwāfunda	olwāfunda	lwāfunda	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
class 14	bāfunda	obāfunda	bāfunda	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
class 15	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
class 17	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingafunda	—	ngingafunda	ngingefunde	—	ngingefunde
2nd singular	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
1st plural	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
2nd plural	ningafunda	—	ningafunda	ningefunde	—	ningefunde
class 1	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
class 2	bangafunda	—	bengafunda	bangefunde	—	bengefunde
class 3	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
class 4	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
class 5	lingafunda	—	lingafunda	lingefunde	—	lingefunde
class 6	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
class 7	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
class 8	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
class 9	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
class 10	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
class 11	lungafunda	—	lungafunda	lungefunde	—	lungefunde
class 14	bungafunda	—	bungafunda	bungefunde	—	bungefunde
class 15	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
class 17	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizofunda	engizofunda	ngizofunda	angizufunda	engingezufunda	ngingezufunda
2nd singular	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
1st plural	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
2nd plural	nizofunda	enizofunda	nizofunda	anizufunda	eningezufunda	ningezufunda
class 1	uzofunda	ozofunda	ezofunda	akazufunda	ongezufunda	engezufunda
class 2	bazofunda	abazofunda	bezofunda	abazufunda	abangezufunda	bengezufunda
class 3	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
class 4	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
class 5	lizofunda	elizofunda	lizofunda	alizufunda	elingezufunda	lingezufunda
class 6	azofunda	azofunda	ezofunda	awazufunda	angezufunda	engezufunda
class 7	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
class 8	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
class 9	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
class 10	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
class 11	luzofunda	oluzofunda	luzofunda	aluzufunda	olungezufunda	lungezufunda
class 14	buzofunda	obuzofunda	buzofunda	abuzufunda	obungezufunda	bungezufunda
class 15	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
class 17	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyofunda	engiyofunda	ngiyofunda	angiyufunda	engingeyufunda	ngingeyufunda
2nd singular	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
1st plural	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
2nd plural	niyofunda	eniyofunda	niyofunda	aniyufunda	eningeyufunda	ningeyufunda
class 1	uyofunda	oyofunda	eyofunda	akayufunda	ongeyufunda	engeyufunda
class 2	bayofunda	abayofunda	beyofunda	abayufunda	abangeyufunda	bengeyufunda
class 3	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
class 4	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
class 5	liyofunda	eliyofunda	liyofunda	aliyufunda	elingeyufunda	lingeyufunda
class 6	ayofunda	ayofunda	eyofunda	awayufunda	angeyufunda	engeyufunda
class 7	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
class 8	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
class 9	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
class 10	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
class 11	luyofunda	oluyofunda	luyofunda	aluyufunda	olungeyufunda	lungeyufunda
class 14	buyofunda	obuyofunda	buyofunda	abuyufunda	obungeyufunda	bungeyufunda
class 15	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
class 17	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngifunde	ngingafundi
2nd singular	ufunde	ungafundi
1st plural	sifunde	singafundi
2nd plural	nifunde	ningafundi
class 1	afunde	angafundi
class 2	bafunde	bangafundi
class 3	ufunde	ungafundi
class 4	ifunde	ingafundi
class 5	lifunde	lingafundi
class 6	afunde	angafundi
class 7	sifunde	singafundi
class 8	zifunde	zingafundi
class 9	ifunde	ingafundi
class 10	zifunde	zingafundi
class 11	lufunde	lungafundi
class 14	bufunde	bungafundi
class 15	kufunde	kungafundi
class 17	kufunde	kungafundi
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngafunda	ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda
2nd singular	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
1st plural	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
2nd plural	nafunda	nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda
class 1	wafunda	wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda
class 2	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
class 3	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
class 4	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
class 5	lafunda	langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda
class 6	afunda	angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
class 7	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
class 8	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
class 9	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
class 10	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
class 11	lwafunda	lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda
class 14	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
class 15	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda
class 17	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda

Derived terms

• -fundisa

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-kúnda.

Verb

-funda^?

1. (transitive) to swallow (food)

Inflection

tone H (infinitive ukufunda)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukufunda	ukungafundi
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	funda	-funde
plural	fundani	-fundeni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyafunda, ngifunda	engifundayo, engifunda	ngifunda	angifundi	engingafundi	ngingafundi
2nd singular	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
1st plural	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
2nd plural	niyafunda, nifunda	enifundayo, enifunda	nifunda	anifundi	eningafundi	ningafundi
class 1	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	efunda	akafundi	ongafundi	engafundi
class 2	bayafunda, bafunda	abafundayo, abafunda	befunda	abafundi	abangafundi	bengafundi
class 3	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
class 4	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
class 5	liyafunda, lifunda	elifundayo, elifunda	lifunda	alifundi	elingafundi	lingafundi
class 6	ayafunda, afunda	afundayo, afunda	efunda	awafundi	angafundi	engafundi
class 7	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
class 8	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
class 9	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
class 10	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
class 11	luyafunda, lufunda	olufundayo, olufunda	lufunda	alufundi	olungafundi	lungafundi
class 14	buyafunda, bufunda	obufundayo, obufunda	bufunda	abufundi	obungafundi	bungafundi
class 15	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
class 17	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngifundile, ngifundē	engifundile, engifundē	ngifundile, ngifundē	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nifundile, nifundē	enifundile, enifundē	nifundile, nifundē	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
class 1	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	efundile, efundē	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
class 2	bafundile, bafundē	abafundile, abafundē	befundile, befundē	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
class 3	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
class 4	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 5	lifundile, lifundē	elifundile, elifundē	lifundile, lifundē	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
class 6	afundile, afundē	afundile, afundē	efundile, efundē	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
class 7	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
class 8	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 9	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 10	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 11	lufundile, lufundē	olufundile, olufundē	lufundile, lufundē	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
class 14	bufundile, bufundē	obufundile, obufundē	bufundile, bufundē	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
class 15	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
class 17	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāfunda	engāfunda	ngāfunda	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nāfunda	enāfunda	nāfunda	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
class 1	wāfunda	owāfunda	āfunda	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
class 2	bāfunda	abāfunda	bāfunda	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
class 3	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
class 4	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 5	lāfunda	elāfunda	lāfunda	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
class 6	āfunda	āfunda	āfunda	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
class 7	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
class 8	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 9	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
class 10	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
class 11	lwāfunda	olwāfunda	lwāfunda	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
class 14	bāfunda	obāfunda	bāfunda	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
class 15	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
class 17	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingafunda	—	ngingafunda	ngingefunde	—	ngingefunde
2nd singular	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
1st plural	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
2nd plural	ningafunda	—	ningafunda	ningefunde	—	ningefunde
class 1	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
class 2	bangafunda	—	bengafunda	bangefunde	—	bengefunde
class 3	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
class 4	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
class 5	lingafunda	—	lingafunda	lingefunde	—	lingefunde
class 6	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
class 7	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
class 8	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
class 9	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
class 10	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
class 11	lungafunda	—	lungafunda	lungefunde	—	lungefunde
class 14	bungafunda	—	bungafunda	bungefunde	—	bungefunde
class 15	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
class 17	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizofunda	engizofunda	ngizofunda	angizufunda	engingezufunda	ngingezufunda
2nd singular	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
1st plural	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
2nd plural	nizofunda	enizofunda	nizofunda	anizufunda	eningezufunda	ningezufunda
class 1	uzofunda	ozofunda	ezofunda	akazufunda	ongezufunda	engezufunda
class 2	bazofunda	abazofunda	bezofunda	abazufunda	abangezufunda	bengezufunda
class 3	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
class 4	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
class 5	lizofunda	elizofunda	lizofunda	alizufunda	elingezufunda	lingezufunda
class 6	azofunda	azofunda	ezofunda	awazufunda	angezufunda	engezufunda
class 7	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
class 8	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
class 9	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
class 10	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
class 11	luzofunda	oluzofunda	luzofunda	aluzufunda	olungezufunda	lungezufunda
class 14	buzofunda	obuzofunda	buzofunda	abuzufunda	obungezufunda	bungezufunda
class 15	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
class 17	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyofunda	engiyofunda	ngiyofunda	angiyufunda	engingeyufunda	ngingeyufunda
2nd singular	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
1st plural	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
2nd plural	niyofunda	eniyofunda	niyofunda	aniyufunda	eningeyufunda	ningeyufunda
class 1	uyofunda	oyofunda	eyofunda	akayufunda	ongeyufunda	engeyufunda
class 2	bayofunda	abayofunda	beyofunda	abayufunda	abangeyufunda	bengeyufunda
class 3	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
class 4	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
class 5	liyofunda	eliyofunda	liyofunda	aliyufunda	elingeyufunda	lingeyufunda
class 6	ayofunda	ayofunda	eyofunda	awayufunda	angeyufunda	engeyufunda
class 7	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
class 8	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
class 9	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
class 10	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
class 11	luyofunda	oluyofunda	luyofunda	aluyufunda	olungeyufunda	lungeyufunda
class 14	buyofunda	obuyofunda	buyofunda	abuyufunda	obungeyufunda	bungeyufunda
class 15	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
class 17	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngifunde	ngingafundi
2nd singular	ufunde	ungafundi
1st plural	sifunde	singafundi
2nd plural	nifunde	ningafundi
class 1	afunde	angafundi
class 2	bafunde	bangafundi
class 3	ufunde	ungafundi
class 4	ifunde	ingafundi
class 5	lifunde	lingafundi
class 6	afunde	angafundi
class 7	sifunde	singafundi
class 8	zifunde	zingafundi
class 9	ifunde	ingafundi
class 10	zifunde	zingafundi
class 11	lufunde	lungafundi
class 14	bufunde	bungafundi
class 15	kufunde	kungafundi
class 17	kufunde	kungafundi
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngafunda	ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda
2nd singular	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
1st plural	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
2nd plural	nafunda	nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda
class 1	wafunda	wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda
class 2	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
class 3	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
class 4	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
class 5	lafunda	langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda
class 6	afunda	angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
class 7	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
class 8	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
class 9	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
class 10	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
class 11	lwafunda	lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda
class 14	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
class 15	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda
class 17	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “funda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “funda (3.9)”