آرد

See also: أرد and أزد

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• آرت (art)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ārt (“back”); cognate with Bashkir арт (art) and Southern Altai арт (art).

Noun

آرد • (ard)

1. back, the rear of the body from the neck to the end of the spine

   Synonyms: آرقه (arka), پشت (püşt), صرت (sırt), ظهر (zahr)

2. back, the side of an object which is opposite the front side

   Synonym: آرقه (arka)

3. the supplying pipe or hopper of a mill, that regulates the supply of grist

Derived terms

• آرد قپو (ard kapu, “backdoor”)
• آردی كسلمك (ardı kesilmek, “to cease and discontinue”)

Descendants

• Gagauz: aard
• Turkish: art

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “art”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 300
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “آرد”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 21b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “آرد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 13a
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Tergum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1663
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “آرد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 137
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “art”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “آرد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 64

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (KHMA /⁠ārd⁠/, “flour”), from Proto-Iranian *Hr̥Htáh (“ground up”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥Htás (“ground up”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂l̥h₁-tós (“to grind”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Hindi आटा (āṭā, “flour”), Old Armenian աղամ (ałam, “to grind”), Ancient Greek ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔaːrd/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	ārd
Dari reading?	ārd
Iranian reading?	ârd
Tajik reading?	ord

Noun

آرد • (ārd / ârd) (Tajik spelling орд)

1. flour

   Synonyms: پست (pist / pest), میده (mayda / meyde), سمید (samīd / samid)

   تخم مرغ‌ها را با آرد مخلوط کنید.

   tuxm-i murġ-hā rā bā ārd maxlūt kunīd. / toxm-e morġ-hâ râ bâ ârd maxlut konid.

   Mix the eggs with flour.

Alternative forms

• آرت (ârt) (dialectal, Yazd, Eqlid, Isfahan)

Descendants

• → Baluchi: آرت (ârt, “flour, powdered”)
• → Kermanic:

  Abyanehi: آرد (ârd)

  Anaraki: آرت (ârt)

  Gazi: آرت (ârt)

  Khunsari: آرت (ârt)

• → Gurani: ئارد (ard, “flour”), ئاردی (ardî)
• Kurdish:
  • → Central Kurdish: ئارد (ard, “flour”)
  • → Northern Kurdish: (“flour”)

    Arabic script: ئارد (ard)

    Latin script: ard, ar

• → Sivandi: آرده (ârde, “flour”)
• → Talysh: [script needed] (orda, “flour”)
• → Zazaki: ardi (“flour”), ar

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “آرد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “آرد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166

Etymology 2

Contraction of آورد (āwarad / âvarad).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔaː.rad/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑ́ː.ɾäd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑ́ː.ɾäd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑ́ː.ɾäd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔ́ː.ɾäd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒ́ː.ɹæd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔ́.ɾäd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	ārad
Dari reading?	ārad
Iranian reading?	ârad
Tajik reading?	'orad

Verb

آرد • (ârad)

1. poetic third-person singular non-past of آوردن (âvardan)