ἀλέω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.lé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elh₁- (“to grind”). Cognate with Old Armenian աղամ (ałam, “grind; pound”), Sanskrit *आ॒र्त (*ārtá, “flour”, whence Hindi आटा (āṭā) / Urdu آٹا (āṭā)), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Classical Persian آرد (ārd, “flour”).[1]
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]ᾰ̓λέω • (ăléō)
- (transitive) to grind; to bruise; to pound; to mill
Conjugation
[edit] Present: ᾰ̓λέω, ᾰ̓λέομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤλεον | ἤλεες | ἤλεε(ν) | ἠλέετον | ἠλεέτην | ἠλέομεν | ἠλέετε | ἤλεον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἠλεόμην | ἠλέου | ἠλέετο | ἠλέεσθον | ἠλεέσθην | ἠλεόμεθᾰ | ἠλέεσθε | ἠλέοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤλουν | ἤλεις | ἤλει | ἠλεῖτον | ἠλείτην | ἠλοῦμεν | ἠλεῖτε | ἤλουν | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἠλούμην | ἠλοῦ | ἠλεῖτο | ἠλεῖσθον | ἠλείσθην | ἠλούμεθᾰ | ἠλεῖσθε | ἠλοῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤλεᾰ | ἤλεᾰς | ἤλεε(ν) | ἠλέᾰτον | ἠλεᾰ́την | ἠλέᾰμεν | ἠλέᾰτε | ἤλεᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέω | ᾰ̓λέῃς | ᾰ̓λέῃ | ᾰ̓λέητον | ᾰ̓λέητον | ᾰ̓λέωμεν | ᾰ̓λέητε | ᾰ̓λέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λέαιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέειᾰς, ᾰ̓λέαις |
ᾰ̓λέειε(ν), ᾰ̓λέαι |
ᾰ̓λέαιτον | ᾰ̓λεαίτην | ᾰ̓λέαιμεν | ᾰ̓λέαιτε | ᾰ̓λέειᾰν, ᾰ̓λέαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεον | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓λέᾰτον | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́των | ᾰ̓λέᾰτε | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠλεᾰ́μην | ἠλέω | ἠλέᾰτο | ἠλέᾰσθον | ἠλεᾰ́σθην | ἠλεᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠλέᾰσθε | ἠλέᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέωμαι | ᾰ̓λέῃ | ᾰ̓λέηται | ᾰ̓λέησθον | ᾰ̓λέησθον | ᾰ̓λεώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέησθε | ᾰ̓λέωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λεαίμην | ᾰ̓λέαιο | ᾰ̓λέαιτο | ᾰ̓λέαισθον | ᾰ̓λεαίσθην | ᾰ̓λεαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέαισθε | ᾰ̓λέαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεαι | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓λέᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓λέᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓λέαι | ᾰ̓λέᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓λέᾱς | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓λέᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓λέᾰν | ᾰ̓λεᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | indicative | ἤλεσᾰ | ἤλεσᾰς | ἤλεσε(ν) | ἠλέσᾰτον | ἠλεσᾰ́την | ἠλέσᾰμεν | ἠλέσᾰτε | ἤλεσᾰν |
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέσω | ᾰ̓λέσῃς | ᾰ̓λέσῃ | ᾰ̓λέσητον | ᾰ̓λέσητον | ᾰ̓λέσωμεν | ᾰ̓λέσητε | ᾰ̓λέσωσῐ(ν) | |
| optative | ᾰ̓λέσαιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέσειᾰς, ᾰ̓λέσαις |
ᾰ̓λέσειε(ν), ᾰ̓λέσαι |
ᾰ̓λέσαιτον | ᾰ̓λεσαίτην | ᾰ̓λέσαιμεν | ᾰ̓λέσαιτε | ᾰ̓λέσειᾰν, ᾰ̓λέσαιεν | |
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεσον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓λέσᾰτον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́των | ᾰ̓λέσᾰτε | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́ντων | |||
| middle | indicative | ἠλεσᾰ́μην | ἠλέσω | ἠλέσᾰτο | ἠλέσᾰσθον | ἠλεσᾰ́σθην | ἠλεσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠλέσᾰσθε | ἠλέσᾰντο |
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέσωμαι | ᾰ̓λέσῃ | ᾰ̓λέσηται | ᾰ̓λέσησθον | ᾰ̓λέσησθον | ᾰ̓λεσώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέσησθε | ᾰ̓λέσωνται | |
| optative | ᾰ̓λεσαίμην | ᾰ̓λέσαιο | ᾰ̓λέσαιτο | ᾰ̓λέσαισθον | ᾰ̓λεσαίσθην | ᾰ̓λεσαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέσαισθε | ᾰ̓λέσαιντο | |
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεσαι | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθων | |||
| active | middle | ||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓λέσαι | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθαι | |||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓λέσᾱς | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́μενος | ||||||
| f | ᾰ̓λέσᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεσᾰμένη | |||||||
| n | ᾰ̓λέσᾰν | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́μενον | |||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | indicative | ἤλησᾰ | ἤλησᾰς | ἤλησε(ν) | ἠλήσᾰτον | ἠλησᾰ́την | ἠλήσᾰμεν | ἠλήσᾰτε | ἤλησᾰν |
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λήσω | ᾰ̓λήσῃς | ᾰ̓λήσῃ | ᾰ̓λήσητον | ᾰ̓λήσητον | ᾰ̓λήσωμεν | ᾰ̓λήσητε | ᾰ̓λήσωσῐ(ν) | |
| optative | ᾰ̓λήσαιμῐ | ᾰ̓λήσειᾰς, ᾰ̓λήσαις |
ᾰ̓λήσειε(ν), ᾰ̓λήσαι |
ᾰ̓λήσαιτον | ᾰ̓λησαίτην | ᾰ̓λήσαιμεν | ᾰ̓λήσαιτε | ᾰ̓λήσειᾰν, ᾰ̓λήσαιεν | |
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λησον | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓λήσᾰτον | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́των | ᾰ̓λήσᾰτε | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́ντων | |||
| middle | indicative | ἠλησᾰ́μην | ἠλήσω | ἠλήσᾰτο | ἠλήσᾰσθον | ἠλησᾰ́σθην | ἠλησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠλήσᾰσθε | ἠλήσᾰντο |
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λήσωμαι | ᾰ̓λήσῃ | ᾰ̓λήσηται | ᾰ̓λήσησθον | ᾰ̓λήσησθον | ᾰ̓λησώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λήσησθε | ᾰ̓λήσωνται | |
| optative | ᾰ̓λησαίμην | ᾰ̓λήσαιο | ᾰ̓λήσαιτο | ᾰ̓λήσαισθον | ᾰ̓λησαίσθην | ᾰ̓λησαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λήσαισθε | ᾰ̓λήσαιντο | |
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λησαι | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓λήσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓λήσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́σθων | |||
| active | middle | ||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓λῆσαι | ᾰ̓λήσᾰσθαι | |||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓λήσᾱς | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́μενος | ||||||
| f | ᾰ̓λήσᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓λησᾰμένη | |||||||
| n | ᾰ̓λῆσᾰν | ᾰ̓λησᾰ́μενον | |||||||
Perfect: ᾰ̓λήλεκᾰ, ᾰ̓λήλεσμαι
Perfect: ᾰ̓λήλεμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̓λήλεμαι | ᾰ̓λήλεσαι | ᾰ̓λήλεται | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓ληλέμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λήλεσθε | ᾰ̓λήλενται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος ὦ | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος ᾖς | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος ᾖ | ᾰ̓ληλεμένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ληλεμένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι ὦμεν | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι ἦτε | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος εἴην | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος εἴης | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος εἴη | ᾰ̓ληλεμένω εἴητον, εἶτον |
ᾰ̓ληλεμένω εἰήτην, εἴτην |
ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν |
ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι εἴητε, εἶτε |
ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓λήλεσο | ᾰ̓ληλέσθω | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓ληλέσθων | ᾰ̓λήλεσθε | ᾰ̓ληλέσθων | |||||||
| middle/ | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓ληλέσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓ληλεμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓ληλεμένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]ᾰ̓λέω • (ăléō)
- second-person singular aorist middle indicative of ᾰ̓λέομαι (ăléomai)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65
Further reading
[edit]- “ἀλέω (A)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀλέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀλέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀλέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- ἀλέω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011