talamh

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish talam,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *talamū, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂-mon-, root *telh₂- (compare Latin tellus (“earth”)).

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠɑl̪ˠəvˠ/^[2]
(Connacht) IPA^(key): (Galway) /ˈt̪ˠalˠə/^[3], /ˈt̪ˠɑlˠ(h)ə/^[4], (Cois Fharraige) [ˈt̪ˠaːl̪ˠə]^[5]; (Mayo) /ˈt̪ˠalˠuː/^[6]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠalˠu(ː)/^[7], /ˈt̪ˠɔlˠu(ː)/^[8]

Noun

talamh f or m (feminine genitive talún, masculine genitive talaimh, plural tailte)

earth, ground, land
go talamh ― to the ground
dry land
land, soil
solid base (for discussion, understanding)

Declension

Feminine declension

Declension of talamh (fifth declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	talamh	tailte
vocative	a thalamh	a thailte
genitive	talún	tailte
dative	talamh talúin (archaic, dialectal)	tailte

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an talamh	na tailte
genitive	na talún	na dtailte
dative	leis an talamh leis an talúin (archaic, dialectal) don talamh don talúin (archaic, dialectal)	leis na tailte

Masculine declension

Declension of talamh (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	talamh	tailte
vocative	a thalaimh	a thailte
genitive	talaimh	tailte
dative	talamh	tailte

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an talamh	na tailte
genitive	an talaimh	na dtailte
dative	leis an talamh don talamh	leis na tailte

Alternative plural: taltaí (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

arcán talún (“aardvark, anteater”)
ardtalamh
ceapach thalún (“plot of land”)
cnó talún (“earth-nut”)
droichead talún (“land bridge”)
eidhneán talún m (“ground ivy”)
maidhm thalún (“landslide”)
ó thalamh (“fundamentally, thoroughly”)
os cionn talún/talaimh (“above ground”)
péist talún f (“earthworm”)
Talamh an Éisc (“Newfoundland”)
talamh ard (“high ground, upland”)
talamh feirme (“farmland”)
Talamh Naofa (“the Holy Land”)
talamhchrith (“earthquake”)
talamhiarrthach (“terricolous”, adjective)
talamhiata (“landlocked”, adjective)
talamhluas (“ground speed”)
talmhaí (“agriculturist; earthly”)
talmhaigh (“to earth”, verb)
tiarna talún (“landlord”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of *talamh*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
talamh	thalamh	dtalamh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “talam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 163, page 82
^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 236
^ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974), Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 226
^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977), Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page 385
^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968), The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 69, page 18
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 379, page 127
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 25, page 13

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish talam, from Proto-Celtic *talamū, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥-mon-, root *tel- (compare Latin tellus (“earth”)).

Pronunciation

(Lewis, Wester Ross) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠu/, [ˈt̪ʰɑl̪ˠʊ]^[1]^[2]
(Harris, much of Skye) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠəv/^[3]
(Uist, Barra) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠu/^[4], [ˈt̪ʰɑl̪ˠu]^[5]

Noun

talamh m or f (genitive singular talmhainn, plural talamhan or talmhainnean)

(masculine only) Earth (planet)
Synonym: cruinne-cè
earth, soil, ground
Synonym: ùir
land, country, territory
Synonym: tìr

Usage notes

Primarily masculine but feminine in genitive singular.

Declension

Declension of *talamh* (type Vc masculine noun)
indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	talamh	talamhan
genitive	talmhan	thalamhan
dative	talamh	talamhan

definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(an) talamh	(na) talamhan
genitive	(an) talmhan	(nan) talamhan
dative	(an) talamh	(na) talamhan
vocative	thalamh	thalamhan

Declension of *talamh* (type Vc feminine noun)
indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	talamh	talamhan
genitive	talmhainn	thalamhan
dative	talamh	talamhan; talamhibh¹

definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(an) talamh	(na) talamhan
genitive	(na) talmhainn	(nan) talamhan
dative	(an) talamh	(na) talamhan; talamhibh¹
vocative	thalamh	thalamhan

¹ archaic or poetic form

Alternative genitive singular: talmhan, talmhainne, talmhana (South Uist, Barra)

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of *talamh*
radical	lenition
talamh	thalamh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Oftedal, M. (1956), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
^ Wentworth, Roy (2003), Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. II: The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, page 50
^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎^[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937), The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

talamh

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Further reading