Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/telh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*telh₂- (perfective)^[1]^[2]

to bear, to undergo, to endure

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *telh₂- (bear) (18 c, 0 e)

*télh₂-t ~ *tl̥h₂-ént (athematic root aorist)
*tl̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *tl̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)
*te-tólh₂-e ~ *te-tl̥h₂-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
^? *tolh₂-éye-ti (causative)^[2]
- Venetic: 𐌕𐌏𐌋𐌀𐌓 (tolar)
^? *tolh₂-es-eh₂-ye-ti
- Proto-Italic: *tolazāō
*tl̥h₂-éh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)
- Proto-Germanic: *þulāną (“to bear, to endure”) (see there for further descendants)
*telh₂-mō
- Proto-Celtic: *talamū (“earth”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τελαμών (telamṓn, “strap”), τλήμων (tlḗmōn) (< *tl̥h₂-m-)
*télh₂-os ~ *télh₂-es-os
- Proto-Hellenic: *télos
  - Ancient Greek: τέλος (télos) (see there for further descendants)
*tolh₂-meh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *tólmā (with loss of laryngeal^[3])
  - Ancient Greek: τόλμα (tólma)
*tl̥h₂-éh₂^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: तुला (tulā́)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: तुलयति (tulayati), तोलयति (tolayati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tarā-
    - ⇒ Middle Persian: [script needed] (tlʾcwk /⁠tarāzūg⁠/, “balance, scales”)
      - Persian: ترازو (tarâzu)
*tl̥h₂-ent-
- Proto-Hellenic: *tálanton
  - Ancient Greek: τάλαντον (tálanton)
*tl̥h₂-tó-m (“bridge, ford”)^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tílˀta
  - Latgalian: tylts
  - Latvian: til̃ts
  - Lithuanian: ti̇̀ltas
  - → Proto-Finnic: *cilta
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - >? Sanskrit: तीर्थ (tīrthá)
*tl̥h₂-tó-s

Unsorted formations

Proto-Celtic: *tlātis
- Proto-Brythonic: *tlọd
  - Middle Welsh: tlawt
    - Welsh: tlawd
- Middle Irish: tláith
  - Irish: tláith
  - Scottish Gaelic: tlàth
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τάλας (tálas)
  - Ancient Greek: ταλαίπωρος (talaípōros)
  - Ancient Greek: ταλασίφρων (talasíphrōn)
- Ancient Greek: Ἄτλας (Átlas) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic:
- ⇒ Latin: opitulor

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tollō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 621-622
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 622-623
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τόλμη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1492
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “tulā́-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 658-659
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “tiltas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466

Root

*telh₂-^[1]^[2]

ground, bottom. Possibly a derivative of *telh₂- "to bear" in the sense of that which bears, carries, supports.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *telh₂- (ground) (5 c, 0 e)

*tl̥h₂-ó-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *tьlò (see there for further descendants)
*tolh₂-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *talˀa-
  - Old Prussian: talus (“floor”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *patalˀa-
    - Lithuanian: pãtalas (“bed”)
    - Proto-Slavic:
      - Russian: потоло́к (potolók, “ceiling”)
*telh₂-mō
- Proto-Celtic: *talamū (“earth”)
  - Old Irish: talam
    - Irish: talamh
    - Manx: thalloo
    - Scottish Gaelic: talamh
  - Gaulish: *talamon^[3]
    - → Latin: Talamone
    - → Latin: Talmun
      - French: Talmont
*tel(h₂)-nos ~ *tel(h₂)-nes-
- Proto-Italic: *telnos
  - Latin: tellūs (“earth”) (perhaps, and reshaped after rūs)

Unsorted formations

>? Old Armenian: թաղ (tʻał, “ward, district”), թաղեմ (tʻałem, “to bury”)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: ti̇̀lės (“wooden floor in a boat”)
Proto-Germanic: *þelą (“floor, deal (of plank)”)
Proto-Germanic: *þiljǭ (“board, plank; floorboard”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *talam (“surface, bottom”)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *talam
  - Sanskrit: तल (tala) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 608–609
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1061
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “talu-, talamon-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 288
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 637

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tollō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 621-622

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 622-623

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τόλμη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1492

[4] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “tulā́-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 658-659

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015), “tiltas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 608–609

[7] Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1061

[DLG-8] Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “talu-, talamon-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 288

[9] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 637

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