lupa

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See also: lūpa, lūpā, łupą, lupã, lupą, and lupă

Basque[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish lupa, from French loupe.

Noun[edit]

lupa inan

  1. magnifying glass

Declension[edit]

Declension of lupa (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive lupa lupa lupak
ergative lupak lupak lupek
dative lupari lupari lupei
genitive luparen luparen lupen
comitative luparekin luparekin lupekin
causative luparengatik luparengatik lupengatik
benefactive luparentzat luparentzat lupentzat
instrumental lupaz lupaz lupez
inessive lupatan lupan lupetan
locative lupatako lupako lupetako
allative lupatara lupara lupetara
terminative lupataraino luparaino lupetaraino
directive lupatarantz luparantz lupetarantz
destinative lupatarako luparako lupetarako
ablative lupatatik lupatik lupetatik
partitive luparik — —
prolative lupatzat — —

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French loupe.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupes)

  1. magnifying glass

Further reading[edit]

Czech[edit]

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa f

  1. magnifying glass

Declension[edit]

Declension of lupa (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative lupa lupy
genitive lupy lup
dative lupě lupám
accusative lupu lupy
vocative lupo lupy
locative lupě lupách
instrumental lupou lupami

Further reading[edit]

  • lupa in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • lupa in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • lupa in Internetová jazyková příručka

Esperanto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From lupo +‎ -a.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈlupa]
  • Rhymes: -upa
  • Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Adjective[edit]

lupa

  1. lupine; concerning wolves

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *lupa, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”) (note the descendant Old Norse lof (“praise, permission”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”). Attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (16th century).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈlupɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -upɑ
  • Syllabification(key): lu‧pa

Noun[edit]

lupa

  1. permission
    Minulla on lupa olla poissa koulusta tänään.
    I have permission to be absent from the school today.
    Minulla on lupa ampumiseen.
    I have permission to shoot.
  2. license, permit

Usage notes[edit]

That one has permission can always be expressed with the active first infinitive ("base form") of the verb, like olla in the first example above. Sometimes, especially if there are no other specifiers in addition to the verb, the illative of the active fourth infinitive is also accepted, like ampumiseen in the second example.

Declension[edit]

Inflection of lupa (Kotus type 10*E/koira, p-v gradation)
nominative lupa luvat
genitive luvan lupien
partitive lupaa lupia
illative lupaan lupiin
singular plural
nominative lupa luvat
accusative nom. lupa luvat
gen. luvan
genitive luvan lupien
lupainrare
partitive lupaa lupia
inessive luvassa luvissa
elative luvasta luvista
illative lupaan lupiin
adessive luvalla luvilla
ablative luvalta luvilta
allative luvalle luville
essive lupana lupina
translative luvaksi luviksi
instructive — luvin
abessive luvatta luvitta
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of lupa (type koira)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative lupani lupani
accusative nom. lupani lupani
gen. lupani
genitive lupani lupieni
lupainirare
partitive lupaani lupiani
inessive luvassani luvissani
elative luvastani luvistani
illative lupaani lupiini
adessive luvallani luvillani
ablative luvaltani luviltani
allative luvalleni luvilleni
essive lupanani lupinani
translative luvakseni luvikseni
instructive — —
abessive luvattani luvittani
comitative — lupineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative lupasi lupasi
accusative nom. lupasi lupasi
gen. lupasi
genitive lupasi lupiesi
lupaisirare
partitive lupaasi lupiasi
inessive luvassasi luvissasi
elative luvastasi luvistasi
illative lupaasi lupiisi
adessive luvallasi luvillasi
ablative luvaltasi luviltasi
allative luvallesi luvillesi
essive lupanasi lupinasi
translative luvaksesi luviksesi
instructive — —
abessive luvattasi luvittasi
comitative — lupinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative lupamme lupamme
accusative nom. lupamme lupamme
gen. lupamme
genitive lupamme lupiemme
lupaimmerare
partitive lupaamme lupiamme
inessive luvassamme luvissamme
elative luvastamme luvistamme
illative lupaamme lupiimme
adessive luvallamme luvillamme
ablative luvaltamme luviltamme
allative luvallemme luvillemme
essive lupanamme lupinamme
translative luvaksemme luviksemme
instructive — —
abessive luvattamme luvittamme
comitative — lupinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative lupanne lupanne
accusative nom. lupanne lupanne
gen. lupanne
genitive lupanne lupienne
lupainnerare
partitive lupaanne lupianne
inessive luvassanne luvissanne
elative luvastanne luvistanne
illative lupaanne lupiinne
adessive luvallanne luvillanne
ablative luvaltanne luviltanne
allative luvallenne luvillenne
essive lupananne lupinanne
translative luvaksenne luviksenne
instructive — —
abessive luvattanne luvittanne
comitative — lupinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative lupansa lupansa
accusative nom. lupansa lupansa
gen. lupansa
genitive lupansa lupiensa
lupainsarare
partitive lupaansa lupiaan
lupiansa
inessive luvassaan
luvassansa 		luvissaan
luvissansa
elative luvastaan
luvastansa 		luvistaan
luvistansa
illative lupaansa lupiinsa
adessive luvallaan
luvallansa 		luvillaan
luvillansa
ablative luvaltaan
luvaltansa 		luviltaan
luviltansa
allative luvalleen
luvallensa 		luvilleen
luvillensa
essive lupanaan
lupanansa 		lupinaan
lupinansa
translative luvakseen
luvaksensa 		luvikseen
luviksensa
instructive — —
abessive luvattaan
luvattansa 		luvittaan
luvittansa
comitative — lupineen
lupinensa

Compounds[edit]

compounds

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Galician[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupas)

  1. magnifying glass

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Malay lupa,

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

lupa

  1. to forget
  2. to be unconscious
    Antonym: sadar
  3. to neglect
    Synonym: lalai
    Antonym: acuh

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Ingrian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *lupa. Cognates include Finnish lupa and Estonian luba.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa

  1. permission

Declension[edit]

Declension of lupa (type 3/koira, p-v gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative lupa luvat
genitive luvan luppiin
partitive luppaa luppia
illative luppaa luppii
inessive luvas luvis
elative luvast luvist
allative luvalle luville
adessive luval luvil
ablative luvalt luvilt
translative luvaks luviks
essive lupanna, luppaan lupinna, luppiin
exessive1) lupant lupint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 24
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 278

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

For Vulgar Latin *lūpa instead of the attested Latin lupa, also reflected by Piedmontese and Lombard luf, perhaps onomatopoeic of the wolf's howling. Similarly unexpected is French loup (despite Old French leu).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈlu.pa/
  • Rhymes: -upa
  • Hyphenation: lù‧pa

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupe)

  1. female equivalent of lupo (she-wolf)

Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Kapampangan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpa). Compare Ilocano rupa, and Malay rupa.

Noun[edit]

lupa

  1. face

Karelian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *lupa, from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”).

Noun[edit]

lupa (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

  1. permission

Kinaray-a[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Greater Central Philippine *lupaʔ (“earth”). Compare Tagalog lupa, and Tausug lupa. Possibly related to Sanskrit रुप् (rúp, “earth”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈlupaʔ/, [ˈlu.paʔ]

Noun[edit]

lupà

  1. earth; ground; soil

Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

The feminine version of lupus. The sense “prostitute” is either a comparison of the prostitutes' predation on men to the wolf's rapacity,[1] as also in Isidore's (often fanciful) opinion,[2] or a reference to the she-wolf's uncleanliness and promiscuity (often culturally conflated), parallelled in English bitch.[3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa f (genitive lupae); first declension

  1. she-wolf
  2. (slang) prostitute

Declension[edit]

First-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -īs or -ābus).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative lupa lupae
Genitive lupae lupārum
Dative lupae lupīs
lupābus
Accusative lupam lupās
Ablative lupā lupīs
lupābus
Vocative lupa lupae

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Aromanian: lupã
  • Asturian: lloba
  • Catalan: lloba
  • French: louve
  • Friulian: love
  • Italian: lupa
  • Neapolitan: lopa
  • Occitan: loba
  • Portuguese: loba
  • Sicilian: lupa
  • Spanish: loba
  • Venetian: lova

References[edit]

  1. ^ J. N. Adams (1983), “WORDS FOR 'PROSTITUTE' IN LATIN”, in Rheinisches Museum für Philologie‎[1], volume 126, issue 3/4, →ISSN, page 333 of 321–358
  2. ^ Isidore of Seville, Etymologies 10.163: "lupa, meretrix, a rapacitate uocata, quod ad se rapiat miseros et adprehendat"
  3. ^ Servius on Virgil's Aeneid 3.647: "lupae, id est meretrices, dictae ab obscenitatis et odoris similitudine."

Further reading[edit]

  • “lupa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “lupa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “lupa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Malay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lupa.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

lupa (Jawi spelling لوڤا‎)

  1. to forget
    Aku sudah lupa yang dia sudah berpindah!
    I've forgotten that she's moved away!

Further reading[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa m or f

  1. definite feminine singular of lupe

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa f (definite singular lupa, indefinite plural luper or lupor, definite plural lupene or lupone)

  1. (pre-2012) alternative form of lupe
  2. definite singular of lupe

Anagrams[edit]

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French loupe, from Middle French loupe, from Old French loupe, from Frankish *luppa, from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ, *lub-, from Proto-Indo-European *lep-.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈlu.pa/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -upa
  • Syllabification: lu‧pa

Noun[edit]

lupa f

  1. magnifying glass

Declension[edit]

Declension of lupa
singular plural
nominative lupa lupy
genitive lupy lup
dative lupie lupom
accusative lupę lupy
instrumental lupą lupami
locative lupie lupach
vocative lupo lupy

Further reading[edit]

  • lupa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • lupa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French loupe.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupas)

  1. magnifying glass

References[edit]

  1. ^ “lupa” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.

Sicilian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /lupa/
  • Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin lupa.

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupi)

  1. she-wolf

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin lupus (“wolf”).

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupi)

  1. uncontrollable hunger

Etymology 3[edit]

From the sound of brogna during the fog.

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupi)

  1. fog, mist, especially on the sea

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French loupe. Compare English loupe.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈlupa/ [ˈlu.pa]
  • Rhymes: -upa
  • Syllabification: lu‧pa

Noun[edit]

lupa f (plural lupas)

  1. magnifying glass

Further reading[edit]

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Greater Central Philippine *lupaʔ (“earth”). Compare Maranao lopa', Maguindanao lopa, and Tausug lupa. Possibly related to Sanskrit रुप् (rúp, “earth”). An alternate etymology posits it to be from Malay rupa (“form, appearance”), from Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”). Compare Ilocano rupa.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: lu‧pa
  • IPA(key): /ˈlupaʔ/, [ˈlu.pɐʔ]

Noun[edit]

lupà (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜉ)

  1. earth; ground; soil
  2. earth; world
    Synonyms: mundo, daigdig
  3. (figurative) country; nation
    Synonyms: bayan, bansa
  4. land property
  5. basement; ground floor; downstairs
    Synonym: silong

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Tausug[edit]

Noun[edit]

lupa

  1. earth; ground; soil

Votic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *lupa, from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈɫupɑ]
  • Rhymes: -upɑ
  • Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Noun[edit]

lupa

  1. permission

Inflection[edit]

Declension of lupa (type V/poikõ, p-v gradation)
singular plural
nominative lupa luvad
genitive luva lupije, lupijõ, lupi
partitive luppa lupitõ, lupi
illative luppa, luppasõ lupije, lupijõ, lupisõ
inessive luvaz lupiz
elative luvassõ lupissõ
allative luvalõ lupilõ
adessive luvallõ lupillõ
ablative luvaltõ lupiltõ
translative luvassi lupissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References[edit]

  • V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎[3], 2nd edition, Tallinn

West Makian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

lupa

  1. (stative) to be aflame

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of lupa (stative verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tilupa milupa alupa
2nd person nilupa filupa
3rd person inanimate ilupa dilupa
animate malupa
imperative —, lupa —, lupa

References[edit]

  • James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎[4], Pacific linguistics
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