pula

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pula"

Languages (32)

Acehnese • Albanian • Bikol Central • Cebuano • Chichewa • Dalmatian • Finnish • Galician • Indonesian • Italian • Maguindanao • Malay • Northern Sotho • Norwegian Nynorsk • Pipil • Pitjantjatjara • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Romansch • Sotho • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Tausug • Tswana • Turkish • Volapük • Waray-Waray • West Makian • Xhosa

Page categories

English

Etymology

From Tswana pula, Northern Sotho pula, and Sotho pula (“rain”), all from Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /pʊlə/
- Audio (Southern England): (file)
(General American) enPR: po͞olʹä, IPA^(key): /puːlɑː/
Homophone: puller (UK, non-rhotic)

Noun

pula (countable and uncountable, plural pulas)

(Southern Africa, uncountable) Rain, used as an expression of greeting or good luck.
- 2020 March 31, Government of Botswana, “State of Public Emergency — S.I. No. 59 of 2020”, in Republic of Botswana Government Gazette Extraordinary‎^[1], page C213:
  Given under my hand and the Public Seal at Gaborone this 31st day of March, 2020. / PULA!
(countable) The currency of Botswana, divided into 100 thebe.

Anagrams

Palu, Paul, ULPA, paul

Acehnese

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *mula

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pula/

Verb

pula

to plant

Derived terms

Albanian

Noun

pula

inflection of pulë:
1. definite nominative singular
2. indefinite nominative/accusative plural

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /puˈla/ [puˈl̪a]
Hyphenation: pu‧la

Adjective

pulá (plural purula, Basahan spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

red (color/colour)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: pu‧la
IPA^(key): /ˈpula/ [ˈpu.l̪a]

Adjective

pulá (plural purula, Basahan spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

mute (a person unable to speak)
Coordinate terms: bungog, buta

Derived terms

Cebuano

Alternative forms

puwa — Metro Cebu, Bohol, Leyte

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Pronunciation

(Sialo) IPA^(key): /puˈla/ [pʊˈl̪a]
(Metro Cebu, Bohol, Leyte) IPA^(key): /puˈwa/ [pʊˈwa]
Hyphenation: pu‧la

Adjective

pulá (Badlit spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

red (color/colour)
- 1985 — Surban, Max, Nabali ang Krismas Tri, Nabali ang Krismas Tri [Performed by Max Surban]
  […] / Taas ang among krismas tri / Tumoy sungko sa kisame / Daghan ang mga suga / May pula, asul ug berde / […]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Noun

pulá

red (color/colour)
egg yolk

Chichewa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpu.ɽa/

Verb

-pula (infinitive kupúla)

to take off an object from a fire

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -pulira
- Causative: -pulitsa
- Negative: -sapula
- Passive: -pulidwa
- Reduplicative: -pulapula
- Repetitive: -pulanso
- Stative: -puka

Nominal derivations:
- chipula (“knife”)

References

Steven Paas (2016), Oxford Chichewa-English/English - Chichewa Dictionary‎^[2], Oxford University Press, page 475

Dalmatian

Etymology

Possibly from Vulgar Latin *pūbula, from Latin pūbes, or more likely from pulla, feminine of pullus. Compare Romanian pulă, Aromanian pulã, Catalan and Spanish polla.

Noun

pula f

(anatomy) penis

Finnish

Etymology

Originally an opening in the ice into which a man has fallen or may fall. Probably onomatopoeic imitating the associated sound of water, compare pulahtaa (possibly a back-formation).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpulɑ/, [ˈpulɑ̝]
Rhymes: -ulɑ
Syllabification^(key): pu‧la
Hyphenation^(key): pu‧la

Noun

pula

shortage [with elative ‘of’]
(economy) an economic crisis characterized by shortage of goods and/or means to buy them; a depression, slump
trouble, scrape, pinch, deep water, urgent situation
olla pulassa ― to be in trouble

joutua pulaan ― to get in trouble

Declension

Inflection of pula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		pula	pulat
genitive		pulan	pulien
partitive		pulaa	pulia
illative		pulaan	puliin
		singular	plural
nominative		pula	pulat
accusative	nom.	pula	pulat
accusative	gen.	pulan	pulat
genitive		pulan	pulien pulain ^rare
partitive		pulaa	pulia
inessive		pulassa	pulissa
elative		pulasta	pulista
illative		pulaan	puliin
adessive		pulalla	pulilla
ablative		pulalta	pulilta
allative		pulalle	pulille
essive		pulana	pulina
translative		pulaksi	puliksi
abessive		pulatta	pulitta
instructive		—	pulin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of pula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pulani	pulani
accusative	nom.	pulani	pulani
accusative	gen.	pulani	pulani
genitive		pulani	pulieni pulaini ^rare
partitive		pulaani	puliani
inessive		pulassani	pulissani
elative		pulastani	pulistani
illative		pulaani	puliini
adessive		pulallani	pulillani
ablative		pulaltani	puliltani
allative		pulalleni	pulilleni
essive		pulanani	pulinani
translative		pulakseni	pulikseni
abessive		pulattani	pulittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pulineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pulasi	pulasi
accusative	nom.	pulasi	pulasi
accusative	gen.	pulasi	pulasi
genitive		pulasi	puliesi pulaisi ^rare
partitive		pulaasi	puliasi
inessive		pulassasi	pulissasi
elative		pulastasi	pulistasi
illative		pulaasi	puliisi
adessive		pulallasi	pulillasi
ablative		pulaltasi	puliltasi
allative		pulallesi	pulillesi
essive		pulanasi	pulinasi
translative		pulaksesi	puliksesi
abessive		pulattasi	pulittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pulinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pulamme	pulamme
accusative	nom.	pulamme	pulamme
accusative	gen.	pulamme	pulamme
genitive		pulamme	puliemme pulaimme ^rare
partitive		pulaamme	puliamme
inessive		pulassamme	pulissamme
elative		pulastamme	pulistamme
illative		pulaamme	puliimme
adessive		pulallamme	pulillamme
ablative		pulaltamme	puliltamme
allative		pulallemme	pulillemme
essive		pulanamme	pulinamme
translative		pulaksemme	puliksemme
abessive		pulattamme	pulittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pulinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pulanne	pulanne
accusative	nom.	pulanne	pulanne
accusative	gen.	pulanne	pulanne
genitive		pulanne	pulienne pulainne ^rare
partitive		pulaanne	pulianne
inessive		pulassanne	pulissanne
elative		pulastanne	pulistanne
illative		pulaanne	puliinne
adessive		pulallanne	pulillanne
ablative		pulaltanne	puliltanne
allative		pulallenne	pulillenne
essive		pulananne	pulinanne
translative		pulaksenne	puliksenne
abessive		pulattanne	pulittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pulinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pulansa	pulansa
accusative	nom.	pulansa	pulansa
accusative	gen.	pulansa	pulansa
genitive		pulansa	puliensa pulainsa ^rare
partitive		pulaansa	puliaan puliansa
inessive		pulassaan pulassansa	pulissaan pulissansa
elative		pulastaan pulastansa	pulistaan pulistansa
illative		pulaansa	puliinsa
adessive		pulallaan pulallansa	pulillaan pulillansa
ablative		pulaltaan pulaltansa	puliltaan puliltansa
allative		pulalleen pulallensa	pulilleen pulillensa
essive		pulanaan pulanansa	pulinaan pulinansa
translative		pulakseen pulaksensa	pulikseen puliksensa
abessive		pulattaan pulattansa	pulittaan pulittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pulineen pulinensa

Derived terms

jättää pulaan
pulaan (“into difficulties”)
pulassa (“in a pinch”)
pulia (“to swim”)

Anagrams

Paul, lupa

Galician

Verb

pula

inflection of pulir:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative
inflection of pular:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Indonesian

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpula/ [ˈpu.la]
Rhymes: -ula
Syllabification: pu‧la

Adverb

pula

also
Synonym: juga

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpu.la/
Rhymes: -ula
Hyphenation: pù‧la

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin āplūda.

Noun

pula f (plural pule)

chaff

Etymology 2

From a regional form of Italian polizia, that is pulizia.

Noun

pula

(slang) the police, the fuzz, the cops
Synonym: polizia

Anagrams

lupa

Maguindanao

Noun

pula

paddle

Malay

Alternative forms

pulak (colloquial)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /ˈpulə/ [ˈpu.lə]
- Rhymes: -ulə
(Baku, /a/-variety) IPA^(key): /ˈpula/ [ˈpu.la]
- Rhymes: -ula
Hyphenation: pu‧la

Adverb

pula (Jawi spelling ڤولا)

instead; on the other hand; however (indicating a contrast or an unexpected action).
Orang lain sibuk bekerja, dia tidur pula. ― Others are busy working, [but] he sleeps instead.

Saya ingatkan dia marah, rupa-rupanya dia suka pula. ― I thought he was angry, turns out he likes it instead.
then; next; in turn (indicating a sequence or a shift to a new subject).
Sekarang giliran awak pula. ― Now it is your turn (next).

Selepas makan, dia membaca buku pula. ― After eating, he read a book (next).
also; too; as well; again.
Mengapa pula saya yang kena pergi? ― Why do I have to go as well?
(particle physics) used to show surprise, exasperation, or to add emphasis (often untranslated or translated as "now" or "on earth").
Mana pula kunci kereta aku ni? ― Where on earth is my car key?

Northern Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Noun

pula

rain

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

pula (present tense puler, past tense pulte, past participle pult, passive infinitive pulast, present participle pulande, imperative pul)

alternative form of pule

Pipil

Etymology

From Spanish plátano (“plantain”).

Pronunciation

(standard) IPA^(key): /ˈpula/

Noun

pula (plural pujpula)

plantain
Asi se siwat wan se takat kiwikat se pula tishkal
A woman and a man arrived and brought roasted plantain

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpʊlɐ]

Pronoun

pula (third person dual, accusative pulanya, possessive/purposive pulampa, locative pulala)

they two

Related terms

Pitjantjatjara personal pronouns (nominative case)
	singular	dual	plural
first person	ngayulu (I) Bound form: -ṉa	ngali (we two) Bound form: -li	nganaṉa (we, more than two) Bound form: -la
second person	nyuntu (you) Bound form: -n	nyupali (you two)	nyura (you, more than two)
third person	paluṟu (he/she/it)	pula (they two)	tjana (they, more than two) Bound form: -ya

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpu.la/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ula
Syllabification: pu‧la

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French poule.

Noun

pula f

pool (supply of resources)
stake (wager or pledge)
(card games) pool, stakes, the pot (money available to be won)
Synonym: stawka

Declension

Declension of pula

	singular	plural
nominative	pula	pule
genitive	puli	pul/puli
dative	puli	pulom
accusative	pulę	pule
instrumental	pulą	pulami
locative	puli	pulach
vocative	pulo	pule

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pula

third-person singular present of pulać

Portuguese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpu.lɐ/

Hyphenation: pu‧la

Etymology 1

Noun

pula m (plural pulas)

pula (the currency of Botswana)

Etymology 2

Noun

pula m or f (plural pulas)

(Angola) white person

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pula

inflection of pular:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative
inflection of polir:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Definite form of pulă, probably from Latin pulla, feminine of pullus (“offspring, child, cub, chick, etc.”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpula]

Adverb

pula

(vulgar, intensifies adjectives) fucking
Sunt obosit în pula mea!
I'm fucking tired!

Interjection

pula

(vulgar, slang) bullshit! (expression of disbelief)
E ușor, pula!
It's easy, bullshit!

Noun

pula

definite nominative/accusative singular of pulă

Romansch

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

pula f (plural pulas)

(Surmiran) butterfly, moth

Alternative forms

bella (Sursilvan)
bula (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan)

Synonyms

(Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader) spler
(Rumantsch Grischun) tgiralla
(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) tschitta
(Puter) chüralla
(Vallader) splerin

Etymology 2

From Latin pulla (“hen”).

Noun

pula f (plural pulas)

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) hen

Synonyms

(Rumantsch Grischun) giaglina
(Sursilvan) gaglina
(Sutsilvan) gagliegna
(Surmiran) gagligna
(Puter) gillina
(Vallader) giallina

Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Noun

pula class 9/10 (plural lipula)

rain

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpula/ [ˈpu.la]
Rhymes: -ula
Syllabification: pu‧la

Verb

pula

inflection of pulir:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative

Swedish

Etymology

From dialectal pula (“work, toil, pound, hit, have sex, mate, and more”). Compare Danish pule, Icelandic púla. Perhaps the same word as Middle Low German pulen (“extricate with the fingers”), and cognate with Old English pullian (“to pluck, pull”). See also pulla (“finger”).

Verb

pula (present pular, preterite pulade, supine pulat, imperative pula)

(colloquial) to tinker, to potter
Synonyms: påta, pyssla
(with a particle like ner (“down”) or in (“in”)) to stuff (press, compressing or scrunching)
Han pulade ner papperslappen i fickan
He stuffed the piece of paper into his pocket
(colloquial, regional) to rub snow in someone's face
Synonyms: snöpula, mula

Conjugation

Conjugation of *pula* (weak)
	active		passive
infinitive	pula		pulas
supine	pulat		pulats
imperative	pula		—
imper. plural¹	pulen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	pular	pulade	pulas	pulades
ind. plural¹	pula	pulade	pulas	pulades
subjunctive²	pule	pulade	pules	pulades

present participle		pulande
past participle		—

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula. Compare Aklanon puea and Asi puya.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /puˈla/ [pʊˈla]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: pu‧la

Noun

pulá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

red (color/colour)

Adjective

pulá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

red (color/colour)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈpulaʔ/ [ˈpuː.lɐʔ]
Rhymes: -ulaʔ
Syllabification: pu‧la

Noun

pulà (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

adverse criticism; act of finding fault with another
Synonyms: pintas, pamimintas, pista, pamimista

Derived terms

Anagrams

ulap, Lupa, lupa

Tausug

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Pronunciation

(Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /pula/ [pʊˈla]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: pu‧la

Noun

pula (Sulat Sūg spelling فُلَ)

red

Adjective

pula (Sulat Sūg spelling فُلَ)

red

Derived terms

Tswana

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpu.la/

Noun

pula class 9/10 (plural dipula)

rain
pula (currency)
a popular toast

Turkish

Noun

pula

dative singular of pul

Volapük

Noun

pula

genitive singular of pul

Waray-Waray

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Adjective

pulá

red

West Makian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpu.l̪a/

Verb

pula

(ditransitive) to give
Synonym: pi
(ditransitive) to sell
Synonym: pi

Conjugation

Conjugation of *pula* (action verb)
		singular	plural
		singular	inclusive	exclusive
1st person		topula	mopula	apula
2nd person		nopula	fopula
3rd person	inanimate	ipula	dopula
3rd person	animate	ipula	dopula
imperative		nupula, pula	fupula, pula

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[4], Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-pula^?

(transitive) to rinse
Synonyms: -hlambulula, -pulusha

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

puti	abo, gris	itim
pula; krimson, pulang-pula	kahel, bulantubig; kayumanggi	dilaw; krema
kulay-dayap	lungti, lungtian, berde
turkesa	bughaw-langit, asul	bughaw, asul
lila, biyoleta; nila, tayom	mahenta; ube, morado, haban, purpura	rosas, kalimbahin

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Anagrams

Acehnese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

Albanian

Noun

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Adjective

Derived terms

Cebuano

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Noun

Chichewa

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

References

Dalmatian

Etymology

Noun

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Galician

Verb

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Adverb

Italian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Anagrams

Maguindanao

Noun

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Further reading

Northern Sotho

Etymology

Noun

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

Pipil

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Related terms

Polish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun