جهان

Azerbaijani

Noun

جهان

Arabic spelling of cəhan

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (jahān).

Noun

جهان • (cihan)

Related terms

جهان‌نما (cihan-numa)

Descendants

Turkish: cihan

Proper noun

جهان • (cihan)

a male given name, Jahan, from Persian

Descendants

Turkish: Cihan

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/, “worldly creatures; world”),^[1] from Old Persian *gaiθānām genitive plural of *gaiθā, from Proto-Iranian *gayθaH (“life, means of subsistence”).^[2] Equivalent to [Book Pahlavi needed] (gyẖ /⁠gēh⁠/) +‎ [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾn /⁠-ān⁠/).^[3] Doublet of (keyhân).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ˈhaːn/, /d͡ʒi.ˈhaːn/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːɑ́ːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːɔ́ːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading^?	jahān, jihān
Dari reading^?	jahān
Iranian reading^?	jahân
Tajik reading^?	jahon

Rhymes: -ɑːn

Noun

جهان • (jahān / jahân) (plural جهان‌ها (jahān-hā / jahân-hâ), Tajik spelling ҷаҳон)

world, universe
Synonyms: دنیا (donyâ), گیتی (giti), عالم (âlam)

― jahān-i āzād / jahân-e âzâd ― the free world
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:
  تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
  او بود مقصود جانش در جهان
  tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
  ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān
  […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

Alternative forms

گیهان (geyhân) (archaic)

Derived terms

جهانِ سوم (jahân-e sevvom)
جهانگرد (jahângard)
جهانگیر (jahân-gir)
جهانی (jahâni)
جهان‌آرا (jahân-ârâ)
جهان‌آفرین (jahân-âfarin)
جهان‌بخش (jahân-baxš)
جهان‌بین (jahân-bin)
جهان‌دار (jahân-dâr)
جهان‌دیده (jahân-dide)
جهان‌شُمول (jahân-šomul)
جهان‌نما (jahân-namâ)
جهان‌وطن (jahân-vatan)
جهان‌پهلوان (jahân-pahlavân)
جهان‌گشا (jahân-gošâ)
پا به جهان گذاشتن (pâ be jahân gozâštan)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: cahan
→ Armenian: ջիհան (ǰihan)
→ Bashkir: йыһан (yıhan)
→ Bengali: জাহান (jahan)
→ Gujarati: જહાન (jahān)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जहान (jahān)

Urdu: جہان (jahān)
→ Kazakh: жаһан (jahan)
→ Malay: johan
- Indonesian: johan
→ Ottoman Turkish: جهان (cihan) (see there for further descendants)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)

Shahmukhi script: جہان (jahān)
→ Rohingya: jáhan
→ Turkmen: jahan, älem-jahan
→ Uzbek: jahon
→ Uyghur: جاھان (jahan)

Proper noun

جهان • (jahân)

a male or female given name, Jahan

Descendants

→ Armenian: Ջիհան (J̌ihan), Ջահան (J̌ahan), Ջհան (J̌han)
→ Malay: johan (see there for further descendants)
→ Ottoman Turkish: جهان (Cihan)
- Turkish: Cihan
→ Russian: Джаха́н (Džaxán) (via Turkic)

Etymology 2

From (jeh, present stem of (jastan, “to leap”)) +‎ (-ân).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.ˈhaːn/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɑ́ːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading^?	jihān
Dari reading^?	jehān
Iranian reading^?	jehân
Tajik reading^?	jihon

Adjective

جهان • (jehân)

leaping, bounding
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:
  تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
  او بود مقصود جانش در جهان
  tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
  ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān
  […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

References

^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gēhān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 107-8
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 222-3

[1] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gēhān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 107-8

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 222-3

[1]

[2]

[3]