جهان
Azerbaijani
[edit]Noun
[edit]جهان
- Arabic spelling of cəhan
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]جهان • (cihan)
Related terms
[edit]- جهاننما (cihan-numa)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: cihan
Proper noun
[edit]جهان • (cihan)
- a male given name, Jahan
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: Cihan
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”),[1] from Proto-Iranian *gayθānām, the genitive plural form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā- (“living, existence”) (compare Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬁- (gaēθā-, “world; creature”)),[2] equivalent to Middle Persian [script needed] (gēh) + [script needed] (ān), with the former component from Proto-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).[3]
The original meaning of the word in Old Iranian and Middle Persian was (worldly) creatures, but the term in late Middle Persian and in Modern Persian came to mean ‘world’ in general.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [d͡ʒa.ˈhɑːn], [d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | jahān, jihān |
Dari reading? | jahān |
Iranian reading? | jahân |
Tajik reading? | jahon |
- Rhymes: -ɑːn
Noun
[edit]Dari | جهان |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | ҷаҳон |
جهان • (jahân) (plural جهانها (jahân-hâ))
- world; universe
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:
- تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
او بود مقصود جانش در جهان- tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān - […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.
- tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- جهانی (jahâni)
- جهانگرد (jahângard)
- جهاننما (jahân-namâ)
- جهانبین (jahân-bin)
- جهانآرا (jahân-ârâ)
- پا به جهان گذاشتن (pâ be jahân gozâštan)
- جهانگیر (jahân-gir)
- جهاندار (jahân-dâr)
- جهانگشا (jahân-gošâ)
- جهانبخش (jahân-baxš)
- جهانآفرین (jahân-âfarin)
- جهانِ سوم (jahân-e sevvom)
- جهانوطن (jahân-vatan)
- جهانپهلوان (jahân-pahlavân)
- جهاندیده (jahân-dide)
- جهانشُمول (jahân-šomul)
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: cahan
- → Armenian: ջիհան (ǰihan)
- → Bashkir: йыһан (yıhan)
- → Bengali: জাহান (jahan)
- → Gujarati: જહાન (jahān)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: жаһан (jahan)
- → Malay: johan
- Indonesian: johan
- → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (cihan)
- Turkish: cihan
- → Punjabi:
- → Rohingya: jáhan
- → Turkmen: jahan, älem-jahan
- → Uzbek: jahon
- → Uyghur: جاھان (jahan)
Proper noun
[edit]جهان • (jahân)
- a male or female given name, Jahan
Descendants
[edit]- → Armenian: Ջիհան (J̌ihan), Ջահան (J̌ahan), Ջհան (J̌han)
- → Malay: johan
- Indonesian: johan
- → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (Cihan)
- Turkish: Cihan
- → Russian: Джаха́н (Džaxán) (via Turkic)
Etymology 2
[edit]From جه (jeh, present stem of جستن (jastan, “to leap”)) + ـان (-ân).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | jihān |
Dari reading? | jehān |
Iranian reading? | jehân |
Tajik reading? | jihon |
Adjective
[edit]جهان • (jehân)
- leaping; bounding
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:
- تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
او بود مقصود جانش در جهان- tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān - […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.
- tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
References
[edit]- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gēhān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 107-8
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 222-3
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