Persian

See also: persian

English

Wikibooks

Etymology 1

From Middle English percynne, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/, “Persia”) (compare modern Persian پارس‎ (pârs)).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː.ʒən/

  • Audio (UK)

    (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɝʒən/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʒən
• (dated) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

Noun

Persian (countable and uncountable, plural Persians)

1. (uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

   Synonym: Farsi

2. (countable) A person from Persia.
3. (countable) A person of Persian descent.
4. (historical) An Iranian.
5. A Persian cat.
6. (Canada, chiefly northwest Ontario) A pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada often compared to either a cinnamon bun or a donut topped with pink icing.
7. A sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed.
8. A thin silk fabric, formerly used for linings.
   • 1696, J. F. Merchant?, The merchant's ware-house laid open:

     There is of those Persians several lengths.

9. (architecture) Any of a set of male figures used instead of columns to support an entablature.

Usage notes

• The term "Farsi" (likely derived from the Iranian variety name for "Persian") has recently developed currency in English to refer to the Persian language, especially the variety spoken in Iran. Varieties of the Persian language, or languages included in the Persian family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, are called "Dari" in Afghanistan and "Tajik" or "Tajiki" in Tajikistan.

Derived terms

• Dari-Persian
• Law of the Medes and Persians
• Tajiki-Persian

 

Related terms

• perse

 

Translations

Persian language

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Albanian: gjuhë perse f
• Arabic: الفَارِسِيَّة‎ f (al-fārisiyya), اللُّغَة الفَارِسِيَّة‎ f (al-luḡa l-fārisiyya), فَارِسِيّ‎ m (fārisiyy) (colloquial)
• Aramaic:

  Syriac: ܦܪܣܐܝܬ‎, ܦܪܣܬ‎, ܦܖܣܐܝܬ‎ (archaic), ܦܖܣܬ‎ (archaic)

• Armenian: պարսկերեն (hy) (parskeren)
• Azerbaijani: fars dili
• Basque: persiera (eu)
• Belarusian: персі́дская мо́ва f (pjersídskaja móva), персі́дская f (pjersídskaja), фарсі́ m (farsí), пэрсы́дзкая мо́ва f (persýdzkaja móva)
• Breton: perseg m
• Bulgarian: перси́йски m (persíjski), фарси́ (bg) m (farsí)
• Burmese: ပါရှားဘာသာစကား (pahra:bhasaca.ka:)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m, farsi (ca) m
• Chechen: гӏажарийн (ğažariin)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯語／波斯语 (zh) (bōsīyǔ), 法爾西語／法尔西语 (fà'ěrxīyǔ), 帕爾西語／帕尔西语 (pà'ěrxīyǔ) (historical)

• Czech: perština (cs) f
• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl) n
• Esperanto: persa (eo), persa lingvo
• Estonian: pärsia keel
• Faroese: persiskt n
• Finnish: persia (fi), persian kieli, farsi (fi), farsin kieli
• French: persan (fr) m
• Galician: persa (gl) m
• Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli), სპარსული ენა (sṗarsuli ena)
• German: Persisch (de) n
• Greek: περσικά (el) n pl (persiká), φαρσί (el) (farsí)

  Ancient: περσιστί (persistí)

• Greenlandic: persiskisut
• Gujarati: ફારસી (gu) (phārsī)
• Hebrew: פַּרְסִית‎ (he) f (parsít)
• Hindi: फ़ारसी (hi) f (fārsī), पारसी (hi) f (pārsī)
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu), újperzsa, fárszi (hu)
• Icelandic: persneska (is) f
• Irish: Peirsis f, Fairsis f
• Italian: persiano (it) m
• Japanese: ペルシア語 (ja) (ペルシアご, Perushiago)
• Kazakh: парсы тілі (parsy tılı), парсы (parsy)
• Khmer: ភាសាពែរ្ស (phiəsaa pɛɛsɑɑ)
• Korean: 페르시아어 (ko) (pereusia'eo)
• Kumyk: фарс тил (fars til)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: فارسی‎ (ckb) (farsî)

  Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku), zimanê farisî

• Kyrgyz: фарс тили (fars tili), фарси (farsi)
• Lao: ພາສາເປີເຊຍ (phā sā pœ̄ sīa)
• Latvian: persiešu valoda f
• Lithuanian: persų kalba f
• Macedonian: пе́рсиски m (pérsiski), фа́рси m (fársi)
• Malay: bahasa Parsi
• Maltese: Il-Persjan m
• Marathi: फारसी f (phārsī), पर्शियन f (parśiyan)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: перс хэл (pers xel)

• Navajo: Béézhąą bizaad
• Nepali: पर्सियन (parsiyan)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: persisk (no) m, farsi (no) m

  Nynorsk: persisk m, farsi m

• Oriya: ପାରସୀ (or) (parôsi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (parôśi)
• Ossetian: персайнаг ӕвзаг (persajnag ævzag)
• Pashto: پاړسي ژبه‎ f (pāṛsi žëba), پاړسي‎ (pāṛsi), فارسي‎ (ps) (fārsi), پارسي‎ (ps) (parsi)
• Persian: فارسی‎ (fa) (fârsi), پارسی‎ (fa) (pârsi), زبان فارسی‎ (zabân-e fârsi), زبان پارسی‎ (zabân-e pârsi)
• Polish: perski (pl) m
• Portuguese: persa (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਫਾਰਸੀ f (phārsī)
• Romanian: persană (ro) f
• Russian: фарси́ (ru) m (farsí), перси́дский (язы́к) m (persídskij (jazýk))
• Sanskrit: पारसी (sa) (pārasī), पारसीक (sa) (pārasīka), पारशीक (sa) (pāraśīka)
• Scots: Persie
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пѐрзӣјскӣ m, пѐрсӣјскӣ m, фа̑рси m

  Roman: pèrzījskī (sh) m, pèrsījskī m, fȃrsi (sh) m

• Sindhi: فارسِي‎
• Slovak: perzština f
• Slovene: perzijščina (sl) f
• Spanish: persa (es) m
• Swahili: Kiajemi (sw)
• Swedish: persiska (sv) c, farsi (sv) c
• Tagalog: Persa
• Tajik: забони форсӣ (zaboni forsī), форсӣ (tg) (forsī)
• Tatar: фарсы теле (farsı tele), фарсы (tt) (farsı)
• Thai: ภาษาเปอร์เซีย (paa-sǎa bpəə-siia)
• Turkish: Farsça (tr), Acemce (tr)
• Turkmen: pars dili
• Ukrainian: перси́дська мо́ва f (persýdsʹka móva), фарсі́ (uk) m (farsí), пе́рська мо́ва f (pérsʹka móva)
• Urdu: فارسی‎ (ur) f (fārsī), پارسی‎ f (pārsī)
• Uyghur: پارس تىلى‎ (pars tili)
• Uzbek: fors tili, forsiy (uz)
• Vietnamese: tiếng Ba Tư (vi)

person from Persia

• Arabic: فَارِسِيّ‎ m (fārisiyy), فَارِسِيَّة‎ f (fārisiyya)
• Aramaic:

  Syriac: ܦܪܣܝܐ‎, ܥܓܡܝܐ‎, ܦܖܣܝܐ‎ (archaic)

• Armenian: պարսիկ (hy) (parsik)

  Old Armenian: պարսք pl (parskʿ), պարսիկ (parsik)

• Azerbaijani: fars (az)
• Basque: persiar
• Belarusian: перс m (pjers), персія́нка f (pjersijánka)
• Bulgarian: перси́ец m (persíec), перси́йка f (persíjka)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f
• Chechen: гӏажари (ğažari)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯人 (zh) (Bōsīrén)

• Czech: Peršan (cs) m, Peršanka (cs) f
• Danish: perser c
• Dutch: Pers (nl) m, Perzische (nl) f
• Esperanto: persiano, persianino (female)
• Estonian: pärslane
• Faroese: persi m
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• French: Perse (fr) m or f, Persan (fr) m, Persane (fr) f
• Georgian: სპარსელი (sṗarseli), სპარსი (sṗarsi)
• German: Perser (de) m, Perserin (de) f
• Greek: Πέρσης (el) m (Pérsis), Περσίδα (el) f (Persída)

  Ancient: Πέρσης m (Pérsēs), Περσίς f (Persís)

• Hebrew: פָּרְסִי‎ (he) m (parsi)
• Hindi: पारसी (hi) m (pārsī)
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu)
• Ido: Persiana (io)
• Italian: persiano (it) m, persiana (it) f
• Japanese: ペルシア人 (ペルシアじん, perushiajin)
• Kazakh: парсы (parsy)
• Korean: 페르시아인 (pereusiain), 페르시아 사람 (pereusia saram)
• Kumyk: фарс (fars)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: فارس‎ (ckb) (fars)

  Northern Kurdish: please add this translation if you can

• Kyrgyz: перс (pers), фарсы (farsı)
• Latin: Persa (la) m, Persēs m, , Persis (la) f
• Latvian: persietis m, persiete f
• Lithuanian: persas m, persė f
• Macedonian: Персијанец m (Persijanec), Персијанка f (Persijanka)
• Malay: Parsi
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: перс хүн (pers xün)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: perser (no) m

  Nynorsk: persar m

• Occitan: persan (oc)
• Oriya: ପାରସୀ (or) (parôsi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (parôśi)
• Ossetian: please add this translation if you can
• Pashto: پارسیوان‎ m (pârsiwân), فارس‎ (ps) (fārs), پارس‎ (ps) (pārs), پاړس‎ (pāṛs)
• Persian: فارس‎ (fa) (fârs), پارس‎ (fa) (pârs)
• Polish: Pers (pl) m, Persjanka f, Persyjka f
• Portuguese: persa (pt) m or f
• Romanian: persan (ro) m, persană (ro) f
• Russian: перс (ru) m (pers), персия́нка (ru) f (persijánka)
• Sanskrit: पारसी (sa) (pārasī), पारसीक (sa) (pārasīka), पारशीक (sa) (pāraśīka)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Персијанац m, Персијанка f, Перзијанац, Перзијанка f

  Roman: Persijanac m, Persijanka f, Perzijanec, Perzijanka f

• Slovak: Peržan m, Peržanka f
• Slovene: Perzijec m, Perzijka f
• Spanish: persa (es) m or f
• Swahili: Mwajemi
• Swedish: perser (sv) c, persiska (sv) c (female)
• Tajik: форс (fors), порс (pors)
• Tatar: фарсы (tt) (farsı)
• Turkish: Fars (tr), Acem (tr)
• Ukrainian: перс m (pers), персія́нка f (persijánka)
• Uyghur: پارس‎ (pars)
• Uzbek: fors (uz)

Persian cat

• Catalan: gat persa m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯貓／波斯猫 (Bōsīmāo)

• Danish: perser c, angorakat c
• Dutch: pers (nl) m
• Esperanto: persa kato
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• German: Perserkatze (de) f, Perser (de) f (short form)
• Hungarian: perzsa macska (hu)
• Italian: gatto persiano, persiano (it)
• Navajo: mósíʼilí
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: perser (no) m

• Persian: گربهٔ ایرانی‎ (gorbe-ye irâni), گربهٔ پشمالو‎ (gorbe-ye pašmâlu)
• Polish: pers (pl) m
• Portuguese: persa (pt) m or f
• Russian: перси́дский кот m (persídskij kot), перс (ru) m (pers)
• Spanish: gato persa
• Turkish: İran kedisi

pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada

sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: (2) ^{(please verify)} perso
• Gujarati: ^{(please verify)} ફારસી (gu) (phārsī) (1)
• Indonesian: (2) ^{(please verify)} farsi
• Spanish: (2) ^{(please verify)} persa (es) m or f
• Swahili: (2) ^{(please verify)} Kiajemi (sw)
• Turkish: (2) ^{(please verify)} farsça
• Urdu: ^{(please verify)} فارسی‎ (ur) (fârsi)

See also

• Farsi
• Iranian
• Perse
• persophone

 

Wiktionary’s coverage of Persian terms

Adjective

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of, from, or pertaining to Persia.
2. Of or pertaining to the Persian people.
3. Of or pertaining to the Persian language.

   Synonym: Farsi

Derived terms

Derived terms

• Persian berry (Rhamnus saxatilis et al.)
• Persian blue
• Persian cat
• Persian column
• Persian cumin (Carum carvi)
• Persian darnel (Lolium persicum)
• Persian drill
• Persian fire
• Persian Gulf
• Persian lilac (Syringa × persica or Melia azedarach)
• Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager)
• Persian powder
• Persian red
• Persian Wars
• Persian wheel
• Persian wild ass (Equus hemionus onager)
• Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager)

Translations

of, from, or pertaining to Persia

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Albanian: persian (sq), pers (sq)
• Arabic: فَارِسِيّ‎ (fārisiyy)
• Armenian: պարսկական (hy) (parskakan)
• Azerbaijani: fars (az)
• Bashkir: фарсы (farsı)
• Belarusian: персі́дскі (pjersídski), пэрсы́дзкі (persýdzki)
• Bengali: পারসীক (parśik), ফার্সি (bn) (pharśi)
• Bulgarian: перси́йски (persíjski)
• Burmese: ပါရှား (pahra:)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f
• Chechen: гӏажарийн (ğažariin)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯的 (zh) (Bōsī de)

• Chuvash: перс (pers)
• Czech: perský (cs)
• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl)
• Estonian: pärsia
• Faroese: persiskur
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• French: persan (fr)
• Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli)
• German: persisch (de)
• Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós)

  Ancient: Περσικός (Persikós)

• Hawaiian: Pelekia
• Hebrew: פַּרְסִי‎ (he) (parsi)
• Hindi: फ़ारसी (hi) (fārsī)
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu)
• Italian: persiano (it), persico (it) (today almost only in geographical terms as Golfo Persico)
• Japanese: ペルシアの (ja) (Perushia no)
• Kazakh: парсы (parsy)
• Khmer: ពែរ្ស (pɛɛsɑɑ)
• Korean: 페르시아의 (ko) (pereusia-ui)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku)

• Kyrgyz: фарс (fars)
• Lao: ເປີເຊຍ (pœ̄ sīa)
• Latin: persicus (la)
• Latvian: persiešu
• Lithuanian: persų (lt), persiškas
• Macedonian: персиски (persiski)
• Malay: Parsi
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: перс (pers)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: persisk (no)

• Occitan: persan (oc)
• Oriya: ପାରସୀ (or) (parôsi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (parôśi)
• Ossetian: please add this translation if you can
• Pashto: پاړسي‎ (pāṛsí), فارسي‎ (ps) (fārsi), پارسي‎ (ps) (pārsi)
• Persian: فارسی‎ (fa) (fârsi), پارسی‎ (fa) (pârsi)
• Polish: perski (pl)
• Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt), pérseo m
• Romanian: persan (ro)
• Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij)
• Rusyn: пе́рьскый (pérʹskŷj)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пѐрзӣјскӣ, пѐрсӣјскӣ

  Roman: pèrzījskī (sh), pèrsījskī

• Slovak: perzský
• Slovene: perzijski (sl)
• Tajik: форсӣ (tg) (forsī), порсӣ (tg) (porsī)
• Tatar: фарсы (tt) (farsı)
• Thai: เปอร์เซีย (bpəə-siia)
• Turkish: Fars (tr), Pers (tr)
• Turkmen: farsi, fars
• Ukrainian: пе́рський (pérsʹkyj), перси́дський (persýdsʹkyj)
• Urdu: فارسی‎ (ur) (fārsī)
• Uyghur: پارس‎ (pars)
• Uzbek: forsiy (uz), fors (uz)
• Vietnamese: Ba Tư

of or pertaining to the Persian people

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Armenian: պարսկական (hy) (parskakan)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯人的 (zh) (Bōsīrén de)

• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl)
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• German: persisch (de)
• Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós)
• Hawaiian: Pelekia
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu)
• Italian: persiano (it)
• Japanese: ペルシア人の (Perushiajin no)
• Latin: persicus (la) m
• Polish: perski (pl)
• Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt)
• Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij)

of or pertaining to the Persian language

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Armenian: պարսկերենի (parskereni)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯語的／波斯语的 (zh) (Bōsīyǔ de)

• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl)
• Finnish: persialainen (fi), persiankielinen
• Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli)
• German: persisch (de)
• Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós)
• Hawaiian: Pelekia
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu), újperzsa, fárszi (hu)
• Italian: persiano (it)
• Japanese: ペルシア語の (ja) (ペルシアごの, Perushiago no)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: فارسی‎ (ckb) (farsî)

  Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku)

• Persian: فارسی‎ (fa) (fârsi), پارسی‎ (fa) (pârsi)
• Polish: perski (pl) m
• Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt)
• Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij)
• Urdu: فارسی‎ (ur) f (fārsī), پارسی‎ f (pārsī)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Azerbaijani: ^{(please verify)} fars (az)
• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} persa (eo)
• French: ^{(please verify)} persan (fr)
• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} persisk (no)
• Slovak: ^{(please verify)} perzský
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} persa (es)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} persisk (sv), ^{(please verify)} persiska (sv)
• Tatar: ^{(please verify)} фарси (farsi)
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} Farslı

Further reading

• English–Persian and Persian–English dictionary
• ISO 639-1 code fa, ISO 639-3 code fas (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Persian, fas ⁠, a language family including:

• Ethnologue entry for Western Farsi, pes ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Dari, prs ⁠

Etymology 2

Persius +‎ -ian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː(ɹ)si.ən/, /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/
• Homophone: Persean

Adjective

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of or pertaining to Persius (Roman writer)
   • 1998, Stephen Hinds, Allusion and Intertext: Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry:

     ...as it seems from an Ovidian or Persian standpoint and also, perhaps, from the comic standpoints of Plautus or Caecilius...

Anagrams

• arpines, asperin, paniers, prasine, rapines, saprine, separin

Finnish

Noun

Persian

1. genitive singular of Persia

Anagrams

• parisen, parsien, rapisen