لغة

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Arabic

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From the root ل غ و (l-ḡ-w). Related to Hebrew לוע / לֹעַ (lṓaʿ, throat, pharynx, maw).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /lu.ɣa/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

[edit]

لُغَة (luḡaf (plural لُغَات (luḡāt))

  1. language
    Synonym: لِسَان (lisān)
    هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ ٱلْحَدِيثَ بِغَيْرِ لُغَتِكَ ٱلْْأُمِّ ؟
    hal tastaṭīʕu l-ḥadīṯa biḡayri luḡatika l-ʔummi ?
    Can you speak another language besides your mother tongue?
  2. dialect, vernacular
    Synonym: لَهْجَة (lahja)
  3. jargon
  4. (linguistics) a variant
    • 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “وي”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs]‎[1], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ḥāʔ)], page 211:
      حَيِيَ حَياةً وَحَيَّ يَحْيَا وَيَحَيُّ فَهُوَ حَيٌّ، وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُّوا، بِٱلتَّشْدِيدِ، قَالَ: وَلُغَةٌ أُخْرَى حَيَّ يَحَيُّ وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُوا، خَفِيفَة.
      ḥayiya ḥayātan wa-ḥayya yaḥyā wa-yaḥayyu fa-huwa ḥayyun, wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayyū, bi-t-tašdīdi, qāla: wa-luḡatun ʔuḵrā ḥayya yaḥayyu wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayū, ḵafīfa.
      He lived a life, and he lived, he lives and he lives so he is alive, and in the plural they lived, with gemination; [it was] said: another variant is he lived, he lives, and in the plural they lived, [without gemination].
    • (Can we date this quote?), الفَرَّاء، أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَا بِن زِيَاد [al-farrāʔ, ʔabū zakariyyā yaḥyā bin ziyād, Al-Farrāʾ], edited by جَابِر بِن عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّرَيِّع [jābir bin ʕabdi llāhi s-surayyiʕ], كِتَابٌ فِيهِ لُغَاتُ القُرْآن (kitābun fīhi luḡātu al-qurʔān) [A book containing variant readings of the Qur'an], published 2014:
      وَفِي (نَسْتَعِينُ) لُغَتَانِ: قُرَيْشٌ وَكِنَانَةُ يَنْصِبُونَ النُّونَ، وَعَامَّةُ العَرَبِ مِن بَنِي قَيْسِ وَرَبِيعَةَ يَقُولُونَ: نِسْتَعِينُ...
      wa-fī (nastaʕīnu) luḡatāni: qurayšun wa-kinānatu yanṣibūna n-nūna, wa-ʕāmmatu l-ʕarabi min banī qaysi wa-rabīʕata yaqūlūna: nistaʕīnu...
      And there are two variants of نَسْتَعِينُ (nastaʕīnu): Quraysh and Kinanah pronounce it with na-, [whereas] the general Arab public of the tribes Tamim, Qays, and Rabīʿa say: nistaʿīnu...
  5. (with the definite article) Classical Arabic
  6. lexicography, lexicographic literature, lexicographers
    • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 825 (fol. 70r,14–v,1), page 963:
      القبج بالفارسية هو الحجل عنه ومن كتاب أهرن وفي اللغة: القبج ذكر الحجل، قال الصنوبري
      يٰأخِي قُمْ فَقَدْ شَجَجْنا لَكَ الرَّاحَ … فَخُذْها مَشْجُوجَةً أيّ شَجّ
      قَطَعَ المَاءُ جِسْمَها قِطَعًا لَمْ … تَغْذِ أَمْثالَها مَناقِيرُ قَبْج
      Al-qabj is Persian for partridge ibidem [in ar-Rāzī’s Ḥāwī]. From ʾAhrun’s book and the lexicographers: It is the male partridge. Aṣ-Ṣanawbarīy said:
      O brother, get up! We have mixed wine for you.
      Take it in a mixed state in whichever fashion!
      The water has stripped down its substance into bits,
      of size smaller than chukar beaks eat.

Declension

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • Gulf Arabic: لغة (luḡa)
  • Azerbaijani: lüğət
  • Malay: loghat (dialect)
  • Ottoman Turkish: لغت (lüğat)
  • Persian: لغت (loğat)
  • Sindhi: لغت
  • Somali: luuqada
  • Swahili: lugha
  • Tajik: луғат (luġat)
  • Urdu: لغت (luġat, dictionary)
  • Uyghur: لۇغەت (lughet)
  • Uzbek: lugʻat

References

[edit]
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “لغو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

South Levantine Arabic

[edit]
Root
ل غ و
2 terms

Etymology

[edit]

From Arabic لُغَة (luḡa).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

لغة (luḡaf (plural لغات (luḡāt))

  1. language
    لغة أجنبيةluḡa ʔajnabiyyeforeign language
    اللغة الأمil-luḡa il-ʔummnative language, mother tongue
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)

See also

[edit]