𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂

Gothic

Etymology

From Latin Caesar, likely via Ancient Greek Καῖσαρ (Kaîsar). Borrowed separately from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, which is a Northwest Germanic form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɛːsar/

Noun

𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 • (kaisar) m

1. Caesar, emperor
   • Gothic Bible, Mark 12.17:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍉 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐍉 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰. 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰.

     jah andhafjands iēsus qaþ du im: usgibiþ þō kaisaris kaisara jah þō gudis guda. jah sildaleikidēdun ana þamma.

     And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marvelled at him. (KJV)

Declension

The exact declension is uncertain; loanwords often decline somewhat unpredictably. Only the genitive and dative singular of this noun are attested. The nominative singular form assumed here (being unattested) follows most scholarly sources; e.g. Lehmann, Streitberg.

Loanword; irregular/mixed declension

	singular	plural
nominative	*𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 *kaisar	—
vocative	—	—
accusative	—	—
genitive	𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 kaisaris	—
dative	𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰 kaisara	—

Derived terms

• 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (kaisaragild, “tax”)

Descendants

• →? Proto-Slavic: *cěsařь (see there for further descendants)

References

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), “K1. *kaisar”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 214
• Miller, D. Gary (2019), The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 3
• Ringe, Don with Ann Taylor (2014), The Development of Old English: a Linguistic History of English‎^[1], Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 136
• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 73